中国农村合作医疗制度沿革

我国农村合作医疗源于20世纪50年代初，“文化大革命”期间受“左”倾思想影响畸型发展。改革开放后，开始尝试农村合作医疗的制度化改革，但随着农村生产力的发展和经济结构的快速转型，传统的合作医疗体制因不适应经济和社会发展而迅速萎缩。20世纪90年代始，探索市场经济条件下农村合作医疗的发展道路，采取“以个人投入为主，集体扶持，政府适当支持”的方法，尝试建立农村合作医疗基金，使农村合作医疗事业逐渐走出低谷，但仍然未能实现“2000年人人享有医疗保健”的预期目标。进入21世纪后，建立起新型农村合作医疗制度和医疗救助制度，成为建国以来的一项重大成果。

Evolution of China's rural cooperative medical care system

The rural cooperative medical care system of our country originated from the beginning of the 50s of the 20~(th) century,which developed abnormally due to leftist ideology during the period of the Cultural Revolution.An institutional reform of the rural cooperative medical care system had began after the re-form and opening up in China,but with the development of rural productivity and rapid transformation of e-conomic structure,the traditional cooperative medical care system declined rapidly due to incompatibility with the new model of economic and social development.At the beginning of the 90s of the 20~(th) century,ex-ploring the developmental path of rural cooperative medical service,under the conditions of market economy and adopting the approach of"main individual investment with partial collective and appropriate government support",to try to establish rural cooperative medical funds,so that the rural cooperative medical system could bottom out gradually,but still failed to achieve the expected goal of universal access to health care in 2000.However,the promotion and establishment of a new rural cooperative medical care and aid system could become a major achievement aim in the 21~(st) century.