结核病诊断技术的研究进展

结核病是危及我国人们的重大传染病之一,根据 WHO 的统计,我国是全球22个结核病疫情严重的国家之一,同时也是全球27个耐多药结核病严重的国家之一,对结核病的早期诊断规范治疗与控制耐药结核,是降低结核发病率的有效措施,由于临床表现不典型潜伏性结核感染及结核耐药问题,导致我国的结核疫情防控形势依然严峻,实验室检查是诊断结核的重要手段常用的实验室诊断,技术包括 PPD,结核抗体,细菌学检测方法,结核分枝杆菌感染 T 淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT),病理学检测,气管镜检查,分子生物学检测方法,免疫学检测方法等,各种技术在诊疗过程中,各有优缺点,在诊疗过程中,我们能利用检查手段的每个特点进行有效的诊断,需要考虑的重要因素,尽早正确的治疗督导用药,使结核病的疫情得以控制。

Progress in diagnosis technology of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the major infectious diseases in our country.According to statistics of WHO,China is one of the 22 countries with serious tuberculosis epidemic in the world,at the same time is also one of the 27 countries in the world with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.The standard treatment and control of drug resistant tuberculosis in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.Because the clinical manifestation is not typical,the latent tuberculosis infection and the tuberculosis drug resistance question,causes our country the tuberculosis epidemic situation prevention and control situation is still stern.Laboratory examination is an important means for the diagnosis of tuberculosis,including PPD,tuberculosis antibody,bacteriological detection method,Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of T lymphocytes spot test (T-SPOT),pathological examination,bronchoscopy,molecular biological detection method,immunological detection method,etc.A variety of techniques in the process of diagnosis and treatment,Various techniques in the diagnosis and treatment process,each has its advantages and disadvantages,in the process of diagnosis and treatment.we can make use of the characteristics of each test method for effective diagnosis,we need to consider the important factors.Early and correct treatment,the supervision of drug use,so that the epidemic of tuberculosis control.