颅底动脉损伤的介入治疗

目的 探讨多种血管腔内手段治疗颅底动脉损伤的临床价值.方法 2004年10月至2007年5月间我院收治各类型颅底动脉损伤患者共53例,均有头颈部外伤史.主要症状为搏动性突眼和颅内血管杂音(39例)、声嘶或吞咽不适(9例)、鼻出血(5例)等;DSA检查证实颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavemous fistulae,CCF)39例,颈内动脉假性动脉瘤14例;针对上述53例患者不同的病变特点采用不同的血管腔内治疗,并通过电话或门诊随访.结果 对53例患者56支颈内动脉进行了腔内介入治疗,采用单纯可脱球囊栓塞治疗CCF'33例34支血管,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈栓塞3例,植入覆膜支架封堵CCF3例;采用单纯可脱球囊闭塞颈内动脉治疗假性动脉瘤8例,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈孤立假性动脉瘤2例,植入覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗4例;平均随访时间9.5个月(2～25个月),85%(45/53)患者主诉症状于6个月内消失,12个月随访15%(8/53)患者遗留眼球运动受限或视力障碍.复查显示存在假性动脉瘤6例,残瘘3例,其中2例因海绵窦区的硬脑膜动静脉瘘而分别于术后第2、3个月行再次介入治疗.结论 对各型颅底动脉损伤,血管腔内介入治疗创伤小且安全有效.尽管存在缺陷,可脱球囊仍是治疗CCF和颈动脉假性动脉瘤的首选方法,在特殊情况下必需联合应用弹簧圈栓塞和覆膜支架植入等多种治疗手段.

Endovascular treatment for arterial injuries of skull base

Objective To explore the role of endovascular techniques in treatment for arterial injuries of skull base. Methods A total of 53 consecutive cases suffered from skull base arterial injuries were enrolled in our hospital from Oct.2004 to May 2007, including 44 male and 9 female cases with average age of 23.3 years. Thirty-nine cases presented with pulsatile exophthalmos and intracranial vascular murmur, cerchnus and dysphagia in another 9, epistaxis in the remaining 5 cases. Diagnosis of 39 carotid cavernous fistulae(CCF)and 14 carotid pseudoaneurysm were performed by angiography(DSA). Alternative endovascular procedures were performed depending on lesions characteristics and follow-up was done by telephone and outpatient work up. Results Procedures were performed involving 56 carotid arteries in all 53 cases including 34 CCF with embolization of detachable balloon(33 cases),3 with balloon and coils, and 3 by stent-graft placement. 8 carotid pseudoaneurysms were cured by parent artery occlusion with balloon, 2 experienced endovascular isolation with balloon and coils, and 4 with stent-graft. Follow-up for mean 9.5 months(range from 2 to 25 months) revealed that the chief symptoms of 45 cases(85%) were relieved within 6 months after the procedure but ocular movement and visual disorder remained in 8 cases (15%)till 12 months. Six pseudoaneurysms and 3 residual leak were found in reexamination, of which 2 cases underwent intervention again 2 and 3 months later due to dural arterial-venous fistula in cavernous sinus, respectively. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is safe and effective therapeutic option with minimal invasion for skull base arterial injuries. Detachable balloon embolization is the first choice for CCF and carotid pseudoaneurysm. Spring coil packing and stent-graft implantation should be in alternation as combination for special cases.