新护士心理健康状况与人格特征及应付方式的相关研究

目的了解新护士在适应环境期间心理健康状况与人格特征、应付方式的相互关系,为促进新护士的管理和心理素质的培养提供依据。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、心理卫生自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式量表对64名新护士进行测查。结果新护士SCL-90症状阳性35人(占54.69%);强迫症状、精神病性及总均分、阳性项目数、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子分显著高于全国常模(P<0.05,P<0.01);敌对、偏执与精神质评分呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),SCL-90各项指标与神经质评分呈正相关(均P<0.01);强迫、人际关系与内外向评分呈负相关(均P<0.05);SCL-90症状阳性者应付方式中自责、幻想、退避、合理化评分显著高于SCL-90症状阴性者(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论新护士心理健康状况低于一般人群,与人格、应付方式有密切关系。管理者应实施针对性干预,促进新护士尽快适应临床工作环境。

Relationship between mental health, personality, and coping styles among novice nurses

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health,personality,and coping style among novice nurses,and to provide reference for management and culture of their psychological quality.Methods Totally,64 novice nurses were investigated by using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) and Coping Styles Questionnaire.Results Thirty-five novice nurses(54.69%) experienced positive symptoms;the subscale scores(except somatization and interpersonal sensitivity),the average score,and the number of positive symptoms in novice nurses were statistically higher than the norm of Chinese(P<0.05,P<0.01).Anger-hostility,paranoid ideation were positively related to psychoticism(P<0.05,P<0.01);subscales of SCL-90 were positively related to neuroticism(P<0.01 for all);obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity were negatively related to extraversion and introversion(P<0.05 for both).Such coping strategies as self-criticism,wishful thinking,social withdrawal,and rationalization scored higher in novice nurses with positive symptoms of SCL-90 than those without positive symptoms(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Mental health of novice nurses is worse than that of general population,and their mental health is correlated with personality and coping style.Targeted measures should be taken to help novice nurses adapt quickly to clinic environment.