体力与脑力劳动者伤病缺勤及影响因素的对比研究

[目的]比较体力与脑力劳动者因伤病导致缺勤的情况,探讨危险因素,为预防伤病减少缺勤提供依据。[方法]随机整群抽样法选择3896名体力劳动者与2719名脑力劳动者,调查其伤病缺勤及影响因素。[结果]体力劳动者年均缺勤天数（5.4d）比脑力劳动者（20.8d）低,体力劳动者随年龄增高而增加。体力劳动者的年缺勤率（24.0%）比脑力劳动者（65.6%）低。logistic回归分析结果,性别和教育程度是影响体力劳动者伤病缺勤的背景因素,急性胃肠炎、恶性肿瘤、泌尿系感染等是导致缺勤的主要伤病;而婚姻状况、教育程度和年龄是影响脑力劳动者伤病缺勤的背景因素,肥胖、上呼吸道感染和糖尿病等是引起缺勤的主要疾病。[结论]导致体力与脑力劳动者缺勤的主要伤病存在差异,应根据不同劳动类型制定相应措施,预防疾病,减少缺勤。

A comparison Study on Sickness Absence and Risk Factors between Physical and Mental Employees

[Objective] To investigate sickness absence and risk factors of physical employees(PEs) and mental employees(MEs) for the disease prevention.[Methods] Totally 3 896 PEs and 2 719 MEs were selected by random cluster sampling and the factors of sickness absence were investigated by using WAI questionnaire.[Results] Work loss days per year in PEs(5.4 d) were significantly lower than that in MEs(20.8 d).Sickness absence days increased with age in PEs.The absence rate in PEs(24.0%) was lower than that in MEs(65.6%);Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and education level were risk factors,acute gastroenteritis,cancer and urinary tract infection and so on were contributed to sickness absence in PEs;Marital status,education level and age were main risk factors in MEs.And obesity,upper respiratory infection and diabetes and so on were contributed to sickness absence.[Conclusion] Different risk factors of sickness absence exist for physical and mental employees.Different measurements should be taken for the disease prevention and reduction of sickness absence according to different work types.