新生儿无症状轮状病毒感染的研究

应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)与聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法对广州市两家医院产科病房的产妇及出生1～9天的新生儿以及3所幼儿园1～4岁健康儿童进行了轮状病毒感染情况的调查,结果表明,25例产妇及80例正常儿童粪便中,无1例检出轮状病毒,而64例新生儿中的轮状病毒感染率为20.3％,人工喂养的新生儿轮状感染率(53.8％)较母乳喂养者为高(11.8％),排毒持续时间也较长。产道分娩较剖腹分娩的新生儿,感染轮状病毒的时间早。所有新生儿感染的轮状病毒,病毒核酸电泳型均为同一模式,与当年婴幼儿腹泻病孩所分出的轮状病毒流行优势株,其电泳图谱完全重叠。32份脐血中仅1份轮状病毒特异性IgM抗体阳性。此外,用PAGE及阻断ELISA法证实,ELISA法检测无症状新生儿粪便的轮状病毒时,具有较高的假阳性(24.8％)。

RESEARCH ON ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION CAUSED BY HUMAN ROTAVIRUS (HRV) IN NEONATES

Using ELISA and PAGE, we studied the asymptomatic HRV infections among one to nine days old neonates and their mothers in two hospitals, and one to four years old heal- thy children of kindergarten in Guangzhou during Dec. of 1988. We also detected the antibodies of HRV-IgG and HRV-IgM in the cord blood of the neonates by ELISA. The results are as following: 1. There is no HRV to be detected in the stools taken from 25 puerperants and 80 healthy children; but the infection rate of the HRV is 20.3% in 64 healthy neonates. The HRV infection rates of neonates in two hospitals are different, but the different has no significance in statistics. 2. The HRV infection rate (53.8%) of the formula-fed neonates is higher than that (11.8%) of the breast-fed neonates; and the HRV shedding duration of the former is also longer than that of the latter. It suggests that immune factors in the maternal milk may be important for preventing the HRV infection in neonates. 3. There is no difference in HRV infection rates between the caesarean-born babies and the normal delivered babies; but the HRV infection of the latter occurs earlier than that of the former. 4. The HRV-RNA electropherotypes are identical in all HRV strains identified in neonates, and also as same as the HRV dominant electrophenotype identified from the infants with gastroenteritis during the same epidemiological period. 5. The geometric mean tilers (GMT) of HRV-IgG in the cord blood samples taken from the HRV-infected and non-HRV-infected neonates are identical and the result suggests that the HRV-IgG in the cord blood does not play an important protection role against the HRV infection of neonates. 6. Among the 32 cord blood samples, one is positive for the HRV-IgM by ELISA, and it suggests that the HRV infection may occur in intrauterine. 7. As confirmed by PAGE and blocking ELISA, ELISA gives high false positive rate (24.8%) when applied to detect the HRV in the fecal samples of asymptomatic neonates.