城市孕妇营养状况及孕妇热能、营养素适宜摄入量探讨

作者追踪观察349名健康初孕妇女妊期营养状况,于不同孕期取静脉血进行蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、维生素A、B_1、B_2等14项有关生化测定,并用登记加询问法调查孕妇各期膳食,以30名非孕妇女及42名重症妊毒症孕妇为对照。结果表明,血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白、血钙、锌、铁在妊娠初、中期下降,后期下降或微有回升;在孕中,后期血维生素A未见升高或下降,检查全血谷胱甘肽还原酶系数,发现孕妇体内核黄素不足及缺乏者占47％。以转羟乙醛酶活性系数为指标,发现孕妇体内硫胺素不足与缺乏者共有16.7％。本文参考国内外调查结果提出妊娠期适宜摄入量:热能每日增加200kcal(中、后期);蛋白质:中期增加15g/d,后期增加25g/d;钙摄入量中期为1000mg,后期为1500mg;锌摄入量为20mg;铁摄入量为26mg或补充30mg铁剂;维生素A1000μg RE;维生素B_1与B_2皆以1.8mg为宜。

A STUDY OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ADEQUATE DIETARY NUTRIENTS INTAKES IN GRAVIDAS

The nutritional status, serum protein, albumin, calcium, zinc, iron, SF, FEP, vitamin A, activity of RBC transketolase, and blood glutathione redu-ctase of 349 normal primigravidas, 30 healthy non-pregnant women and 42 toxemic gravidas were estimated longitudinally from the 1st trimester to delivery. It was noted that serum protein, albumin, Ca, Zn, and Fe decreased markedly in the course of pregnancy. The content of serum vitamin A showed no variation or decrease in the 3rd trimester in 1/3 of the pregnant women observed. Insufficiency of thiamine and riboflavin were noted in 16.7% and 47% of the normal pregnant women respectively. The adequate nutrients intakes in pregnancy were considered to be: Energy, +200 kcal/d; Protein, + 15g/d in the 2nd trimester and +25g/d in the 3rd trimester; Calcium 1000 mg/d in the 2nd trimester and 1500mg/d in the 3rd trimester; Zinc, 20mg/d; Iron 26 or 30 mg/d by supplementation if possible; vitaminA 1000 μgRE/d; both thiamine and riboflavin 1.8 mg/d.