股四头肌解剖学研究及其意义

目的：研究股四头肌肌构筑特征和肌梭分布,测定神经入肌点,为股四头肌的临床肌移植提供形态学资料。方法：用大体解剖法解剖并观察测量20具尸体股四头肌的肌构筑学特征,并以髂前上棘为骨性标志,定位股四头肌神经入肌点;用组织学H-E染色法研究5具尸体股四头肌肌梭分布。结果：股四头肌是由股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股中间肌4块肌组成,肌质量分别为（158.7±10.5）g、（351.5±66.8）g、（521.9±72.6）g和（303.1±44.5）g;肌长分别为（30.2±2.0）cm、（31.5±2.7）cm、（31.0±3.2）cm和（28.8±2.8）cm;肌纤维长分别为（6.7±1.8）cm、（9.2±2.0）cm、（8.8±1.6）cm和（9.0±1.5）cm;羽状角分别为（17.1±2.3）°、（18.6±2.3）°、（15.5±2.8）°和（10.5±1.6）°;生理横切面积分别为（22.4±3.1）cm2、（34.6±4.3）cm2、（53.8±5.8）cm2和（32.5±4.6）cm2;平均肌梭密度分别为19.38个/g、21.93个/g、20.18个/g和18.64个/g。神经入肌点分别为股直肌有2个神经入肌点分别距髂前上棘（10.23±0.97）cm和（14.48±1.12）cm;股内侧肌的神经入肌点为（9.85±1.28）cm;股外侧肌有2个分别为（11.88±1.34）cm和（13.98±2.55）cm;股中间肌的神经入肌点为（9.23±1.65）cm。结论：股四头肌的4块肌均属于羽肌,是伸膝关节的产力肌;股四头肌肌构筑学特点反映了其在肌体中的功能;股四头肌不同肌块之间以及同一肌各部之间密度不等,各肌的上部均比其中、下部肌梭密度高;股四头肌的神经入肌点均集中在股前上部第2区内。

The anatomical research of the quadriceps femoris and it's clinical significance

Objective：To provide a morphologic basis for clinical application by determining the muscle architecture and the muscle spindle and the nerve entering point within human quadriceps femoris（QF）.Methods：Architectural feature and the nerve entering point of QF was studied by using the gross-anatomy from 20 human adult cadavers;The muscle spindle distribution of QF was studied by using the H-E staining technique and stereology method from 5 human adult cadavers.Results：QF was composed of rectus femoris,vastus medialis,vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius,and in which the average muscle mass were（158.7±10.5） g,（351.5±66.8） g,（521.9±72.6） g and（303.1±44.5） g,respectively;the muscle length were（30.2±2.0） cm,（31.5±2.7） cm,（31.0±3.2） cm and（28.8±2.8） cm,respectively;fiber length were（6.7±1.8） cm,（9.2± 2.0） cm,（8.8±1.6） cm and（9.0±1.5） cm,respectively;pinnate angle were（17.1±2.3）°,（18.6±2.3）°,（15.5±2.8）° and（10.5± 1.6）°,respectively;cross sectional area were（22.4±3.1） cm2,（34.6±4.3） cm2,（53.8±5.8） cm2 and（32.5±4.6） cm2,respectively;the muscle spindle average densities were 19.38 number/g,21.93 number/g,20.18 number/g and 18.64 number/g,re spectively.The nerve entering points in rectus femoris laid（10.23±0.97） cm and（14.48±1.12） cm below anterior superior iliac spine,respectively.The nerve entering points in vastus medialis laid（9.85±1.28） cm.The nerve entering points in vastus lateralis laid（11.88±1.34） cm and（13.98±2.55） cm,respectively.The nerve entering points in vastus intermedius laid（9.23±1.65） cm.Conclusion：The four parts of QF are all penniform muscle and the mainly production force muscle of knee joint＇ s extension.The muscle architecture characteristic of QF is related to function closely.The muscle spindle dis tribution in different muscles and different compartments of same muscle is not homogeneous.The muscle spindle densities of superior portion in the four muscles of QF are higher than that of middle and inferior portion,respectively;The nerve entering points in QF centralized mainly in the No.2 region of the front upper part of thigh.