水体沉积物毒性的评价方法

主要介绍了在水体沉积物毒性评价时常用的3种方法：生物毒性试验、毒性鉴别评价程序（TIE）和沉积物环境质量基准（SQGs）。生物毒性试验较化学分析方法考虑了污染物的生物可利用性,但是未能阐明产生毒性的具体污染物;TIE将常规的化学方法和生物毒性试验相结合,对产生毒性的具体污染物进行逐步鉴定,为制定相应的污染物浓度控制标准提供了依据;SQGs可以快速准确地对污染物的毒性作出判定,然而各种建立方法得到的基准间的差异影响了它的利用价值,需建立更为广泛、可靠的SQGs。将化学分析、毒性试验和现场生物调查结合是今后对沉积物中持久性有机污染物进行毒性评价和复合污染研究的发展方向。

Methods for Sediment Toxicity Evaluation

Three widely used methods of sediment toxicity evaluation were introduced in the present paper, including organism toxicity tests, toxicity identification evaluation(TIE) and sediment quality guidelines(SQGs). Compared with the chemical analysis, toxicity tests have an advantage of taking the bioavailability of POPs into account, however, it fails to identify the causative toxicants. TIE, integrating with physicochemical analysis, implicates the specific pollutants in a tiered approach, and by which effective remediation can be designed accordingly. The sediment toxicity can be identified more quickly and appropriately by SQGs than by the former two methods. The differences among the different SQGs constituted by different standards may affect their values for toxicity evaluation. Extensive and reliable SQGs had been acquired to improve their utility. Finally, the combination of chemical analysis, toxicity tests and in situ bioassays will be the trend of sediment toxicity evaluation in the future.