Effects of clozapine and olanzapine on cortical thickness in childhood-onset schizophrenia |
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| Authors: | Anand Mattai Alex Chavez Deanna Greenstein Liv Clasen Jennifer Bakalar Reva Stidd Judith Rapoport Nitin Gogtay |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;3. Olin Neuropsychiatry Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA;4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany;5. University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;1. NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;2. Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;3. Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Vinderen, 0373 Oslo, Norway;4. NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;5. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of antipsychotic medications on gray matter (GM) in schizophrenia. Although clozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic medication in treatment-refractory cases, it is unknown whether it has a differential effect on GM development.MethodsIn an exploratory analysis, we used automated cortical thickness measurements and prospectively scanned childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) patients who were maintained on one medication. Two atypical antipsychotic medications, clozapine (n = 12, 37 scans) and olanzapine (n = 12, 33 scans) were compared with respect to effects on cortical development, in contrast to GM trajectories of matched controls.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the trajectories of cortical thickness between the two treatment groups with the exception of a small circumscribed area in the right prefrontal cortex, where the olanzapine group showed thicker cortex. As expected, both groups showed thinner GM compared to matched controls.ConclusionsAlthough these analyses do not rule out effects of antipsychotic medications on GM development in schizophrenia, they show no differential effect between clozapine and olanzapine on GM trajectory. |
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