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Analysis of interactions between genetic variants of BMP4 and environmental factors with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate susceptibility
Authors:L Jianyan  G Zeqiang  C Yongjuan  D Kaihong  D Bing  L Rongsheng
Institution:1. Nan Ning Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi;2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou;3. Baise People''s Hospital, Baise, Guangxi;4. Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou;5. Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;1. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Department of Oral Diagnostic, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University Jose Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;3. Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, RJ, Brazil;4. Bioengineering Program, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil;5. Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;6. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;7. Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;8. Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;9. Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People''s Republic of China;2. Stomatological Research Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China;1. Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;3. Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;4. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China;5. The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA;6. Department of Statistical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA;7. Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;8. Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;9. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;10. Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;11. Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;12. Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;13. Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;14. Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;15. Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;16. Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest 1148, Hungary;17. Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA;18. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;19. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;20. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06117, USA;21. Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;3. From the College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China and;4. the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
Abstract:A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to identify interactions between the 538(T→C) polymorphic site of bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene (BMP4T538C) and exposures in pregnancy with nonsyndromic cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P). Associations between offspring polymorphism of BMP4T538C, paternal smoking, paternal high-risk drinking, maternal passive smoking, and maternal multivitamin supplement with nsCL/P were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. BMP4T538C polymorphism, maternal passive smoking exposures and maternal multivitamin use were associated with the risk of nsCL/P but paternal smoking and paternal high-risk drinking were not. Gene–environment interactions were analyzed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The two-factor model including maternal passive smoking and BMP4T538C, was the best for predicting nsCL/P risk with a maximum cross-validation consistency (10/10) and a maximum average testing accuracy(0.605; P < 0.0001). The findings suggested that: BMP4T538C could be used as a genetic susceptibility marker for nsCL/P; maternal passive smoking exposure is a risk factor for nsCL/P; maternal multivitamin supplements are a protective factor; the synergistic effect of BMP4T538C and maternal passive smoking could provide a new tool for identifying individuals at high risk of nsCL/P, and provides additional evidence that nsCL/P is determined by genetic and environmental factors.
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