医院感染高危科室病人和护士病毒感染的调查研究

目的 了解本院医院感高危科室的病人、护士病毒感染情况，以便采取有效预防措施。方法 采用桥联酶标法直接测定8种呼吸道病毒抗原，用Ellsa法测定血清2种病毒特异性抗体，分别对病人699人次，护士316人次和正常人群253人次对照，3组间进行比较、分析。结果 病人组呼吸道病毒抗原阳性者明显高于护士组和正常对照组（P〈0．05），而护士组与正常对照组无明显差异；柯萨奇B组病毒（CoxB）感染，护士组明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染IgG 3组间无差异，IgM只有少数病人阳性，其他2组均阴性。结论 呼吸道病毒感染在护士与病人之间较易控制，而病人间容易交叉感染；护士感染CoxB的危险性（RR）为正常对照组的2．62倍；CMV对护士则影响不大；故护士在进行护理技术操作及护理病人时，应严格执行无菌操作及消毒隔离制度，对预防医院感染至关重要。

Survey of nosocomial viral infection of patients and nurses in high risk department

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of the nosocomial viral infection in patients and nurses,so as to taking up prevention measures in our hospital. Methods The antigens of eight viruses causing respiratory infections and the special antibodies of two viruses 699 inpatients,in 316 nurses and 253 controls were detected by APAAP and ELISA.Results Those who were positive in respiratory viral antigens detection in patients were significantly higher than nurses and controls(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were observed between nurses and controls.The nurses group had a higher CoxB virus infection rate than the controls(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in CMV-IgM.A few patients were positive and other group were negative.Conclusions The nosocomial infection caused respiratory viruses between nurses and patients was easy to be controlled but patients was easy to be infected.The RR of CoxB virus infection in nuirses was 2.62 times of controls.CMV did not affect nurses greatly.So,nurses were very important to execute sterilization and isolation system to protect nosocomial infection.