绝经后女性肌少症

肌少症为老龄化进展过程中以骨骼肌质量及力量下降为特征的临床综合征，并伴有残疾、生活质量降低甚至死亡，在老年人群中广泛存在，严重影响老年人的生活质量，是当今社会重要的公共健康问题。目前国际上关于肌少症的诊断及筛查方法尚未统一，多个组织先后制定了肌少症共识，提出肌少症的诊断切点，临床实践中使用握力、步速等方法来评估老年人肌肉情况。绝经是一种与年龄相关的生理状况，与自然衰退的雌激素水平相关，易导致肌肉质量和力量的降低，增加肌少症患病率。绝经后女性肌肉组织的质量、功能以及肌肉组织的成分发生变化与雌激素水平降低有关，还受营养、运动、环境、遗传等其他多种复杂因素影响，目前尚没有明确关于肌少症的治疗药物，但现有证据认为阻抗运动、膳食营养、性激素替代治疗等对于改善老年绝经后女性肌肉的质量及力量具有重要作用。目前绝经与肌少症的关系还处于探索阶段，仍有许多值得进一步研究的问题，本文就肌少症的诊断及绝经后激素变化和增龄与肌少症的关系等进行综述。

Sarcopenia in postmenopausal women

Sarcopenia is a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength during aging, accompanied by disability, reduced quality of life, and even death. Sarcopenia is widespread in the elderly and seriously affects the quality of life. It is an important public health issue in current society. At present, the international diagnosis and screening methods for sarcopenia have not been unified. A number of organizations have developed their own consensus on sarcopenia, each of which proposes a diagnostic cut-off point for sarcopenia, and uses grip strength and gait speed to evaluate the muscle condition of the elderly in clinical practice. Menopause is an age-related physiological condition associated with naturally declining estrogen levels, which can lead to a decrease in muscle mass and strength and an increase in the prevalence of sarcopenia. Changes in muscle mass, function, muscle composition in postmenopausal women are associated with decreased estrogen levels and are also affected by a variety of factors, such as nutrition, exercise, environment, and genetics. Currently, there is no clear treatment for sarcopenia. However, the existing evidence suggests that dietary nutrition, impedance exercise, and sex hormone replacement therapy play an important role in improving the quality and strength of muscles in postmenopausal women. The relationship between menopause and sarcopenia is still in the exploratory stage, and there are still many problems worthy of further study. This article reviews the diagnosis of sarcopenia and the relationship between postmenopausal hormone changes and age-related sarcopenia.