链脲佐菌素诱导SD大鼠1型糖尿病性骨质疏松模型的建立

目的 通过链脲佐菌素（streptozocin， STZ）诱导建立1型糖尿病性骨质疏松（diabetic osteoporosis，DOP）SD大鼠动物模型。方法 20只健康雌性SD大鼠，随机分为正常组和模型组，每组10只。模型组采用单次左下空腹腹腔注射法，注射STZ 60mg/kg建立1型DOP动物模型。实验期间观察并记录大鼠行为学、体质量、饮水量、进食量变化，检测随机血糖。造模8周后处死大鼠，收集血清检测碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）活力，采集胰腺组织和股骨组织进行组织病理学观察，并对股骨组织进行形态计量学测定。结果 模型组大鼠与正常组相比，血糖显著升高（P<0.01），进食量与饮水量亦明显升高，而体质量显著降低，胰岛细胞形状不规则、边界模糊、体积缩小，股骨骨小梁变得稀疏，出现不同程度的断层，骨小梁厚度、骨小梁面积百分率显著降低（P <0.05），骨小梁间距显著增加（P<0.05），血清中ALP活力极显著上升（P<0.01）。该模型符合1型DOP成模动物诊断标准。结论 腹腔一次性快速注射STZ 60 mg/kg 8周后可成功构建1型DOP动物模型。

Establishment of type 1 diabetic osteoporosis model induced by streptozotocin in SD rats

Objective To establish an animal model of type 1 diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) in SD rats by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods Twenty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group, with 10 rats in each group. The model group was treated with fasting intraperitoneal injection and a single left lower abdominal cavity injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) to establish a type 1 DOP animal model. Rat behavior, body mass, water intake, and food intake were observed and recorded during the test. Random blood glucose was detected. After 8 weeks of modeling, the rats were sacrificed. The serum was collected for ALP activity examination. The pancreatic tissue and the femur were collected for histopathological examination. The femoral tissue morphology was measured and analyzed. Results The blood glucose of the model group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P<0.01). The food intake and water drinking increased significantly, and the body weight decreased significantly. The shape of islet cells was irregular, the boundary was blurred, and the volume was reduced. The trabecular bone of the femur became sparse, and there were different degrees of faults. The thickness of trabecular bone and the area of trabecular bone decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the trabecular bone spacing increased significantly (P<0.05). The serum ALP activity increased significantly (P<0.01). This model meets the diagnostic criteria for type 1 diabetic osteoporosis animal model. Conclusion The animal model of type 1 DOP can be successfully constructed with one-time rapid injection of 60 mg/kg of STZ in the abdominal cavity after 8 weeks.