慢性肾病患者磷、钾、食盐摄入知识调查

 目的 调查住院慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD) 患者磷、钾、食盐摄入情况,为进一步开展CKD患者营养宣教提供依据。方法 对100例CKD患者采用自行设计的问卷调查。结果 CKD患者对限盐了解最高,占92%,对限钾和隐性盐了解较好,分别占68%、65%;对于限磷的了解最低,仅占40%。CKD患者对低磷类食物(蔬菜、水果、精细米面)掌握的最好;富磷类食物中肝脏类、坚果类、菌菇类掌握情况较好;奶类、肉类、杂粮类和蛋类食物掌握情况较差。CKD患者对低钾类食物(粮谷类、瓜类蔬菜)掌握最好分别占到96.9%和93.8%;富钾类食物中香蕉掌握较好,其他均较低;肉类最低只占6.3%。在控盐行为中21%的CKD患者使用了具体的量化工具;69%的患者注意到控制膳食中盐的摄入量,但未实施进一步具体的量化方法,仍有10%的患者没有控盐措施。结论 对CKD患者应加强磷、钾和隐性盐的认知教育和具体食物选择指导,以提高CKD患者自我管理意识。

Questionnaire and analysis on the intake of phosphorus,potassium and salt in 100 patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the intake of phosphorus, potassium and salt in admitted patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide reference for the nutritional education for CKD patients further. Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used among 100 CKD patients. Results Up to 92% CKD patients showed a proper understanding of salt control, 68% and 65% patients showed a proper understanding of potassium control and hidden salt respectively, and only 40% patients showed a proper understanding of phosphorus control. From according to degree of mastery, CKD patients presented the best mastery of low-phosphorous food (vegetables, fruits and processed rice and wheat); their mastery of livers, nuts and mushrooms in the category of phosphorus-rich food was good; their mastery of milk, meat, coarse cereals and eggs was relatively poor. The proportions of CKD patients presenting the best mastery of cereal grains and melon vegetables (low-potassium food) reached 96.9% and 93.8% respectively; their mastery of bananas as potassium-rich food was good and that of other food was relatively lower: their mastery of meat was only 6.3%. In terms of salt control behaviors, 21% CKD patients adopted specific quantitative tools; 69% CKD patients paid attention to controlling food salt intake but took no further quantitative methods. The proportion of patients taking no salt control measures was still up to 10%. Conclusions The education of understanding of phosphorus, potassium and hidden salt and the guidanee of selection of specific food should be strengthened for CKD patients, so as to enhance their consciousness of self-management.