2021年器官移植基础免疫学研究进展

近年来，器官移植科学和技术迅猛发展，并在世界范围内得到广泛应用。然而，移植器官的功能损伤和免疫排斥反应、免疫抑制剂大量使用导致的免疫低下、移植物慢性失功和不良反应等问题依然是横亘在医师面前的主要困难，亟待进一步研究和攻克。本文以免疫细胞亚群在器官移植排斥反应或免疫耐受形成过程中的作用和机制、新材料及新药物在器官移植中的研究和使用为主要线索盘点介绍了部分2021年发表的相关重点研究结果，简单归纳了区域免疫应答特别是组织定居记忆性T细胞在器官移植中的最新研究进展，对未来移植免疫学的发展进行了展望。

Research progress on basic immunology of organ transplantation in 2021

In recent years, the science and technology of organ transplantation have developed rapidly, which has been widely applied worldwide. However, multiple challenges remain to be resolved by clinicians, such as functional damage and immune rejection of transplant organs, immune deficiency caused by extensive use of immunosuppressants, chronic allograft dysfunction and adverse reactions. This article introduced relevant key research results published in 2021, taking the function and mechanism of immune cell subsets in the process of organ transplantation rejection or immune tolerance, and the research and application of new materials and drugs in organ transplantation as the main clues. The latest research progresses on regional immune response, especially the application of tissue-resident memory T cell in organ transplantation, were briefly summarized, and the future development of transplantation immunology was prospected.