寨卡病毒的流行及诊治研究概况

寨卡病毒(ZIKV)于1947年首次在乌干达Zika丛林的恒河猴中被发现,是一种黄病毒科黄病毒属的虫媒病毒。2007年在雅蒲岛暴发ZIKV感染疫情,在此之前只在人群中零星发生。ZIKV感染于2015年在巴西大规模暴发流行,随后疫情传播到多个国家和地区。ZIKV感染的临床症状类似于登革热症状,而孕妇感染后可能会导致新生儿小头畸形。目前,该病毒的实验室检测主要通过病原学和血清学检测;病原学常用的方法是反转录聚合酶链式反应和病毒分离,血清学检测主要是酶联免疫吸附试验。迄今,尚未有针对该病毒的特异性的抗病毒药物和疫苗,预防措施主要是避免蚊虫叮咬。截至2016年2月25日,我国有5例ZIKV感染输入性病例,笔者对ZIKV的流行和诊治研究概况作一综述,供广大同行参考。

Research progress and epidemic situation of the Zika Virus

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (Aedes), similar to other arboviruses, first identified in rhesus monkeys of Uganda Zika forest in 1947.Few human cases were reported until 2007, when a ZIKV outbreak occurred in Yap State.Since its identification in Brazil in May 2015, ZIKV has spread through many countries.The clinical presentation is a "dengue-like syndrome" . A major concern associated with this infection is the apparent increased incidence of microcephaly in fetuses born to mothers infected with ZIKV.The diagnosis is confirmed by viral genome detection by genomic amplification (RT-PCR) and viral isolation, and the serological detection by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Strategies for the prevention and control of ZIKV disease should include the use of insect repellent, because of no antiviral drugs and vaccine.Up to now, China has been reported five imported cases of ZIKV.This review will summarize several aspects of ZIKV to provide the information to the colleagues.