巢蛋白和胶质纤维酸性蛋白在成年大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时期的表达变化

目的 探讨成年大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时期、不同部位巢蛋白(nestin)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein，GFAP)的表达变化。方法 8周龄SD大鼠72只，雌雄各半；体重180～220g。随机分为实验组66只(n=6)，对照组6只(n=6)。实验组：用动脉夹压迫法建立动物模型，于造模后1、3、5d，1，2．3．4、5、6、7和8周各时间点，分别在脊髓损伤部位和损伤邻近部位取材，进行甲苯胺蓝染色及免疫荧光染色，随机选取不同时间点的组织片，用LeicaQ5001W图像处理系统观察脊髓损伤后不同时期、不同部位(损伤部位和其周围)nestin和GFAP的表达变化。对照组：打开椎管，暴露脊髓相应节段，不压迫，彻底止血后缝合伤口，伤口愈合后，取材和检测同上。结果 甲苯胺蓝染色：对照组显示脊髓神经元胞体和突起轮廓清晰，胞核为深蓝色；实验组于脊髓损伤1d后，显示大、中型神经元数目明显减少，神经元胞浆呈深蓝色，尼氏体模糊，胞体塌陷皱缩或碎裂，胞核椭圆或三角形、染成淡蓝至深蓝色，2～8周胞核呈深蓝色。免疫荧光染色：对照组显示除脊髓中央管周围可见到少量nestin表达外，其它部位几乎不表达；GFAP在脊髓各个部位均有表达；实验组：脊髓损伤1d后，损伤区域nestin和GFAP表达增加，3～7d后，除损伤区域外，邻近及周边区域nestin和GFAP的表达显著增加，并逐渐达到高峰，随着时间的推移其表达逐渐下降，nestin和GFAP的表达于损伤2周后逐渐恢复到对照组水平。结论 成年大鼠脊髓损伤可诱导nestin表达，神经干细胞对脊髓损伤有反应，nestin表达和反应性星形胶质细胞增生呈正相关，并可能参与中枢神经系统损伤修复。

EXPRESSION OF NESTIN AND GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN INJURED SPINAL CORD OF ADULT RATS AT DIFFERENT TIME

Objective To explore the expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at different time and sites after spinal cord injury in adult rats. Methods Seventy-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats, aging 8 weeks and weighing from 180 to 220 g, were randomly divided into 11 experimental groups(66, n=6) and 1 control group(n=6). In the experimental groups, the rat spinal cord injury models were established by aneurysm clip compression, and the expression and proliferation of nestin and GFAP at different time(1 day,3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks,7 weeks and 8 weeks)and at different sites(injured site and adjacent site) were observed with toludine blue staining, immunofluorescent staining and the analytical system of photographs. In control group, the same site of the rat spinal cord was exposed without aneurysm clip compression. The same preparation and examination were done as the experimental groups. Results Toluidine blue staining results showed that contour of neurite and pericaryon were distinct and nucleus were deep blue in normal control rats. One day after injury, the number of big and medium-sized neuron decreased obviously; neurite was deep blue with clouding Nissl bodies and ellipse or triangular typed nucleus. In the normal control group, the expression of nestin was hardly seen except ependymal cells of central canal, and the low expression of GFAP was seen. In the experimental groups, the nestin and GFAP expressions increased obviously in the injured sites and adjacent sites 24 hours after injury, reached the peak value after 3-7 days and followed by gradual decrease. There were statistically significant differences in the nestin and GFAP expressions between the experimental groups and the control group. Conclusion The above results suggest that spinal cord injurycan induce the expression of nestin and GFAP. There is a positive correlation between nestin expression and the proliferation of the reactive astrocytes.