香烟烟雾提取物对人呼吸道上皮细胞DNA损伤和凋亡的影响

背景与目的:香烟烟雾可以致多种细胞发生DNA损伤已有报道证实。本研究旨在进一步阐明香烟烟雾提取物(cigarettesmokeextract,CSE)作用于正常人类支气管上皮细胞系(normalhumanbronchialepithelialcells,NHBE)和肺腺癌细胞系SPC-A1后引起的DNA损伤和凋亡情况。方法:不同浓度的CSE作用于NHBE和SPC-A1细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)检测两种细胞活性。荧光标记的磷酸化H2AX组蛋白(γ-H2AX)抗体特异性标记细胞核内DNA双链断裂(DNAdouble-strandbreaks,DSBs)处的γ-H2AX,然后用流式细胞仪定量检测并分析DNA损伤。用免疫印迹检测γ-H2AX表达。同时,亚G1峰法(SubG1peak)和AnnexinⅤ-FITC/碘化丙啶双染色流式细胞术检测CSE诱导的细胞凋亡。用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞损伤和凋亡形态学变化。结果:MTT结果显示,随CSE浓度和作用时间增加,细胞活性均逐渐降低。CSE可引起细胞DNA双链断裂,γ-H2AX最大值在作用后4h左右,然后逐渐降低。DNA损伤后平均12h可以出现凋亡。另外,激光共聚焦显微镜观察到两种细胞内的γ-H2AX量在细胞受到CSE刺激后快速大量的积聚,呈现典型细胞损伤的形态学变化,较为明显的凋亡形态学特征4h后方可出现。结论:CSE能直接引起NHBE和SPC-A1细胞的DNA损伤和凋亡,且存在着浓度和时间依赖关系。

DNA damage and apoptosis of human airway epithelial cell lines caused by cigarette smoke extract

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoke exposure has been reported to induce DNA damage in a variety of cell types. This study was to investigate DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line NHBE and lung carcinoma cell line SPC-A1 caused by cigarette smoke extract. METHODS: NHBE and SPC-A1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of cigarette smoke extract. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Fluorescence-labeled anti-histone gamma-H2AX polyclonal antibody was used to detect DNA double-strand breaks (DSBS) in chromatin. DNA damage was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of gamma-H2AX was detected by Western blot. Cigarette smoke extract-induced cell apoptosis was detected by sub G1 peak method and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining assay. Cell morphology of DNA damage and apoptosis was observed by confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS: MTT assay results showed that cigarette smoke extract decreased the viability of NHBE and SPC-A1 cells in time-and concentration-dependent manners. Cigarette smoke extract induced DSBS in NHBE cells and SPC-A1 cells, and led to H2AX phosphorylation (denoted gamma-H2AX) in time-and concentration-dependent manners. The maximal value of gamma-H2AX was seen about 4 h after the treatment, and the value decreased subsequently, but did not reduce to a normal level. Cell apoptosis appeared about 12 h after DNA damage. Cigarette smoke extract also initiated the accumulation of gamma-H2AX in these cells, and cell apoptosis morphology was observed 4 h later. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoke extract can induce DSBS and apoptosis in NHBE and SPC-A1 cells in time-and concentration-dependent manners.