三峡库区蓄水后一年人群健康状况及影响因素分析

目的初步评价三峡水库蓄水后对库区人群健康的影响。方法连续收集三峡库区监测点卫生资源变化情况、出生和死亡资料、传染病和地方病发病资料、媒介生物鼠、蚊监测资料、突发公共卫生事件报告资料等,对所收集资料进行综合分析。结果三峡水库蓄水后一年, 库区监测点年人口出生率上升7．16%,死亡率下降4．45%。传染病发病以散发为主。各监测点均未报告鼠疫、钩体病、流行性出血热、疟疾和急性血吸虫病例,仅丰都、奉节报告3例乙脑病例。2004年室内鼠密度(1．61%)略高于2003年(1．21%),但明显低于蓄水前5年的平均值 (3．94%)。户外鼠密度(2．69%)则低于2003年(3．55%)和蓄水前5年的平均值(4．22%)。畜圈和户内成蚊总密度均低于2003年和蓄水前5年的平均值。主要病媒生物的密度和病原阳性检出率均较低。结论三峡水库蓄水后一年人群健康状况及影响因素未发生明显变化。

Analysis of health status of the population and the affecting factors after the Three Gorges Dam being used for water storage for one year

Objective The present analysis was conducted to make a preliminary evaluation of health status of the population around the Three Gorges Dam after it was used for water storage.Methods The changes in health resources,data on birth and death as well as prevalence of infectious and endemic diseases,information about biologic medium rats and mosquitoes from surveillance,and reported data on emergency public health events in the surveillance sites around the Three Gorges Dam area were consecutively collected,and comprehensively analyzed.Results It was found that the birth rate increased by 7.16% and the death rate decreased by 4.45% in the surveillance sites around the Three Gorges Dam area after it was used for water storage for one year.Infectious diseases occurred predominantly in sporadic form.No epidemic of plague,leptospinosis,epidemic hemorrhagic fever, malaria and acute schistosomiasis was reported from all the surveillance sites.Three cases of epidemic encephalitis B were reported from Fendu and Fengjie areas.The indoor rodents density in 2004 (1.61%)was slightly higher than that in 2003 (1.21%) but significantly lower than the average level (3.94%) of the 5 years before water storage.And the out door rodents density in 2004 (2.69%)was lower than that in 2003(3.55%)and the average level (4.22%)of the 5 years before water storage.The adult mosquito density in livestock stalls was lower in 2004 than in 2003 and than the average level of the 5 years before water storage.The density of the main medical vectors and positive rate of detection of pathogens were low.Conclusion It is concluded that the health stares of population and the affecting factors have not had obvious change since the Three Gorges Dam began to store water a year ago.