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Patterns and predictors of recurrence after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors:Andrea?Mari  Riccardo?Campi  Riccardo?Tellini  Giorgio?Gandaglia  Simone?Albisinni  Mohammad?Abufaraj  Georgios?Hatzichristodoulou  Francesco?Montorsi  Roland?van?Velthoven  Marco?Carini  Andrea?Minervini  Email author" target="_blank">Shahrokh?F?Shariat
Institution:1.Department of Urology,University of Florence, Careggi Hospital,Florence,Italy;2.Department of Urology,Medical University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria;3.Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, URI,Milan,Italy;4.Department of Urology,Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles,Bruxelles,Belgium;5.Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital,The University of Jordan,Amman,Jordan;6.Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology,Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg,Würzburg,Germany;7.Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology,Vienna,Austria;8.Department of Urology,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Dallas,USA;9.Department of Urology,Weill Cornell Medical College,New York,USA;10.Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital,Medical University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria
Abstract:

Purpose

To review the currently available literature reporting the patterns of recurrence and their predictive factors after open radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.

Methods

A review of the literature was performed using the MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases from January 1997 to May 2017. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for the conduct of the study.

Results

Local recurrence rate ranges between 30 and 54%. Distant recurrence is not often standardized and is reported in up to 50% of cases. The overall 5-year recurrence-free survival rates from 58 to 81%. The mean follow-up of studies included in the analysis ranged from 18 to 350 months. Details on the most important demographic and epidemiological, clinical, histologic and pathologic predictors of recurrence after radical cystectomy are provided through an evidence-based approach. The impact of the extension of lymph node dissection on recurrence after RC is investigated.

Conclusions

A correct prognostic assessment is essential for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, thereby potentially improving their oncologic outcomes.
Keywords:
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