Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations |
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| Authors: | Birgit Högl MD Isabelle Arnulf MD PhD Cynthia Comella MD Joaquim Ferreira MD PhD Alex Iranzo MD Barbara Tilley PhD Claudia Trenkwalder MD Werner Poewe MD Olivier Rascol MD PhD Cristina Sampaio MD PhD Glenn T Stebbins PhD Anette Schrag MD PhD Christopher G Goetz MD |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria;2. Unité des Pathologies du Sommeil, H?pital Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Paris, France;3. UMR975, Université Paris VI, Paris, France;4. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA;5. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;6. Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain;7. Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA;8. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of G?ttingen, Paracelsus‐Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany;9. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France;10. Department of Clinical Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | There is a broad spectrum of sleep disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). A variety of scales have been applied to the evaluation of PD sleep and wakefulness, but only a small number have been assessed specifically for clinimetric properties in the PD population. The movement disorder society has commissioned this task force to examine these scales and to assess their use in PD. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of sleep scales in PD and to determine which scales qualified for a detailed critique. The task force members, all of whom have extensive experience in assessing sleep in PD reviewed each of the scales using a structured proforma. Scales were categorized into recommended, suggested and listed according to predefined criteria. A total of 48 potential scales were identified from the search and reviewed. Twenty‐nine were excluded because they did not meet review criteria or were variations of scales already included, leaving 19 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force based on the rating criteria. Only six were found to meet criteria for recommendation or suggestion by the task force: the PD sleep scale (PDSS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) are recommended for rating overall sleep problems to screen and to measure severity, the SCOPA‐sleep (SCOPA) is recommended for rating overall sleep problems both to screen and to measure severity, and for rating daytime sleepiness; the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is recommended for rating daytime sleepiness to screen and to measure severity; the inappropriate sleep composite score (ISCS) is suggested for rating severe daytime sleepiness or sleep attacks to screen and to measure severity; and the Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) is suggested for rating sleepiness and to measure severity at a specific moment. The task force does not recommend the development of new scales, but emphasizes the need for educational efforts to train physicians in sleep interview techniques and polysomnography. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society |
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| Keywords: | sleep Parkinson's disease rating scales questionnaires nocturnal disturbances daytime sleepiness |
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