Blood platelets in human essential hypertension

Blood platelets of patients with essential hypertension display signs of both increased sensitivityin vitro to aggregating stimuli believed to contribute to thrombosis and of activationin vivo possibly expressing the release of vasoactive products. The mean features of the modified platelet profile in hypertension include an increased ₂-adrenergic receptor density, an enhanced rate of adhesion/aggregation in particular in response to ADP and arachidonic acid, a greater sensitivity for thrombin and adrenaline to stimulate increases in cytoplasmatic-free Ca²⁺, increased resting levels of cytoplasmatic-free Ca²⁺, a reduced content of serotonin often combined with a defective uptake mechanism, a facilitated efflux rate of noradrenaline, an exaggerated release reactionin vivo as indicated by the increased plasma levels of Betathromboglobulin and a shortened platelet life span. These changes occur to various extents in some, but not all, hypertensive patients and are not always strictly related to the degree of blood pressure increase. On the contrary, platelet cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase activity are in the normal range.