上海市区吸烟对几种主要恶性肿瘤的人群归因危险度分析

上海市肿瘤研究所于１９８４～１９９０年期间先后进行了基于全人群的肺癌、卵巢癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、喉癌、口腔癌、胃癌及结肠癌的病例对照研究，研究发现吸烟对这些肿瘤有不同程度的危险作用。本文在这些研究的基础上，分别进行吸烟对这些恶性肿瘤的人群归因危险度（ＰＡＲＰ）分析。结果表明，吸烟是上海市区男性肺癌、膀胱癌及喉癌的主要原因，ＰＡＲＰ分别为７５％、７１％和７８％；吸烟也是男性胃癌和肾癌的重要原因，ＰＡＲＰ分别为２５％和２９％。吸烟对女性恶性肿瘤的危害主要表现在肺癌，ＰＡＲＰ为２８％；女性结肠癌、口腔癌和卵巢癌的ＰＡＲＰ分别为４％、９％和６％。研究结果表明，控制人群中的吸烟率，对降低上海市区恶性肿瘤，尤其是男性恶性肿瘤的发病率有重大意义。

ANALYSIS OF POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK PROPORTION (PARP)OF SOME COMMONLY SEEN CANCER DUE TO SMOKING IN URBAN SHANGHAI

Shanghai Cancer Institute conducted eight population-based case-control studies involving studies of cancers of the lung,ovary,kidney,bladder,larynx,oral cavity,stomach,colon,and rectum during the period of 1984-1990 in urban Shanghai.The studies revealed that smoking shows varied hazardous effects on the cancers mentioned above. This paper analyzes the PARP of each cancer due to smoking. The result pointed out that smoking is the dominant cause of lung cancer,bladder cancer and larynx cancer among men. The PARPs of these cancers were 75%,71%and 78%respectively,Smoking is also the important cause of male stomach cancer and kidney cancer,PARPs of which were 25%and 29%respectively.Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for female lung cancer,its PARP was 28%. The PARPs of cancers of the colon,oral cavity and ovary among females were 4%,9%,6%respectively,The results indicated that decrease in prevalence of smoking will make a great contribution in reducing the cancer incidence in urban Shanghai,especially that among the men.