妇科经自然腔道单孔手术发展现状与未来方向

［摘要］　经自然腔道单孔内镜手术创伤小，美容效果好，术后康复快，并发症发生率低，符合现代无瘢痕、无痛的微创理念，是妇科微创外科的发展方向。妇科经自然腔道单孔内镜手术主要分为经脐入路与经阴道入路。经阴道入路腹部无瘢痕，切口愈合快，术后疼痛程度低，并发症发生率低，是目前妇科微创手术的研究热点。近年来，机器人手术系统快速发展，与经自然腔道单孔内镜手术结合可实现三维成像放大术野，灵活的机械臂实现复杂手术操作，拓宽了手术适应证，提高了手术精准度，被认为是微创手术的革命性突破。该文就妇科经自然腔道单孔手术发展现状与未来方向进行阐述。

Current development status and future direction of natural orifice transluminal single-site surgery in gynecology

［Abstract］　Natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery has the advantages of minimal trauma, good cosmetic effect, rapid postoperative recovery and low incidence of complications. Natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery is in line with the modern concept of scarless and painless minimally invasive surgery and is the development direction of minimally invasive surgery in gynecology. The approaches of natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery in gynecology are mainly divided into transumbilical approach and transvaginal approach. The transvaginal approach has the advantages of no scars on the abdomen, rapid wound healing, mild postoperative pain and low complication rate, and is currently a research hotspot in minimally invasive gynecological surgery. In recent years, robotic surgical systems have developed rapidly, and their combination with natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery can achieve three-dimensional imaging magnification of the surgical field and flexible robotic arm to fulfill complex surgical operations, which broadens the surgical indications and surgical accuracy. The combination of robotic surgical systems and natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery is considered to be a revolutionary breakthrough in minimally invasive surgery. In this paper, the current development status and future direction of natural orifice transluminal single-site surgery in gynecology are elaborated.