湖南省君山区垸内钉螺控制措施及其效果

目的探索湖沼型血吸虫病流行区垸内钉螺控制策略与措施,为控制与阻断血吸虫病传播提供有效方法。方法收集湖南省君山区血吸虫病流行及防治资料,对1998-2017年君山区垸内钉螺指标变化与钉螺控制措施进行效果分析。结果君山区垸内钉螺面积由1998年的1 496.66 hm2减少至2017年的23.48 hm2,累计减少了98.43%;活螺出现率和活螺平均密度分别由2003年最高的20.61%和0.45只/0.1 m2下降为2017年的2.06%和0.03只/0.1 m2;感染性钉螺面积最高的为2001年,共发现了79.36 hm2,2007年以后则未再查获感染性钉螺。1998-2017年,各级财政投入到君山区血吸虫病防治经费共39 885.7万元,其中用于垸内药物灭螺8 177.09万元、垸内环境改造灭螺21 350.00万元。结论药物灭螺结合环境改造的综合治理措施,对控制并消灭垸内钉螺效果显著,但要加强对历史有螺区域的监测工作。

Strategy and effect of Oncomelania hupensis snail control in inside-embankment areas in Junshan District,Hunan Province from 1998 to 2017

Objective To explore the strategy and countermeasures of Oncomelania hupensis snail control and evaluate the effect in inside?embankment areas of lake?type schistosomiasis endemic area， for providing the effective method for controlling and interrupting the schistosomiasis transmission. Methods The data of schistosomiasis epidemic and its control and prevention were collected in Junshan District， Hunan Province， and the effect of snail control countermeasures were evaluated and the trend of indexes of snails was drafted in the inside?embankment areas of Junshan District， Hunan Province from 1998 to 2007. Results The area with snails in the inside embankment areas of Junshan District decreased by 98.43%， from 1 496.66 hm2 in 1998 to 23.48 hm2 in 2017. The occurrence rate and average density of of living snails decreased from 20.61% and 0.45 snail/0.1 m2 in 2003 to 2.06% and 0.03 snail/0.1 m2 in 2017. The highest area with schistosome infected snails was found in 2001 and the total area was 79.36 hm2， however， no infected snails were found since 2007. The total fiscal investment for schistosomiasis prevention and control was 398.857 million RMB in Junshan District， including molluscicide （81.770 9 million RMB） and environment reform （213.5 million RMB） respectively. Conclusion The comprehensive measures， mainly including the combination of molluscicide and environment reform have gotten a significant effect in snail control and elimination in the inside?embankment areas， but the snail surveillance still need to be strengthened in the historic areas with snails.