苗族药艳山姜的研究进展

艳山姜Alpinia zerumbet作为贵州省少数民族常用药物,具有温中燥湿、行气止痛、截疟之功效,主治心腹冷痛、胸腹胀满、消化不良、呕吐腹泻等症状,目前已有近200多年的悠久历史。作者查阅了近30年中外文献,综述了国内外艳山姜化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展,以期为艳山姜的药用价值提供理论依据。随着仪器和科技的进步,艳山姜化学成分引起越来越多的关注,目前已经分离并鉴定出200多种化合物,主要包括挥发油类、黄酮类、甾体类、萜类以及有机酸类等多种化学成分。药理学研究表明艳山姜具有抗氧化、降血压、解痉镇痛、对内皮细胞的保护作用等多种药理活性。然而,目前对艳山姜化学成分的研究仅停留在挥发油部分,对其他有机物及多糖的研究较少,不够深入。临床上对艳山姜用药部位使用比较混乱,艳山姜根、茎、叶、花、果实及种子均可入药,但各药用部位所对应的药理作用没有明确的说明,导致临床用药混乱。此外,对于艳山姜药理作用机制不明确,特别是止痛、消食和抗溃疡等传统活性的研究中,仅能探明其具有该药理活性,而对作用机制的研究较少;且现有研究主要为体外活性实验,还需要临床实验的进一步验证,为进一步合理开发和综合利用艳山姜的药用资源提供参考。

Research Progress on Miao Medicine of Alpinia zerumbet

Alpinia zerumbet is a commonly used drug for ethnic minorities in Guizhou province. It has the effects of warming and drying dampness,relieving pain and eliminating malaria,and treating chills,chest and abdomen,indigestion,vomiting and diarrhea,with a long history of nearly 200 years. The author reviewed Chinese and foreign literatures for the past 30 years,and reviewed the research progress of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of A. zerumbet in and abroad,in order to provide a theoretical basis for its medicinal value. With the development of instruments and technology,the chemical composition of A. zerumbet has attracted more and more attention. More than 200 compounds have been isolated and identified,including volatile oils,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids and organic acids and many other chemical ingredients.Pharmacological studies have shown that A. zerumbet has many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidation,blood pressure lowering,antispasmodic analgesia and protection against endothelial cells. However,current studies on the chemical constituents only focus on volatile oil components,and only a few studies focus on other organic matter and polysaccharides and are not deep enough. In clinic,the use of A. zerumbet is more confusing. The roots,stems,leaves,flowers,fruits and seeds can be used in medicines,but the pharmacological effects of the various medicinal parts have not been clearly explained,which leads to confusion in clinical medication. In addition,the pharmacological mechanism is not clear,especially in the studies on traditional activities,such as analgesic,digestive and anti-ulcer. The studies only focus on the pharmacological activity,and with only a few studies on the mechanism of action. Besides,the existing studies are mainly in vitro activity experiments,and need further validation in clinical trials,so as to provide reference for further rational development and comprehensive utilization of medicinal resources.