江苏省居民血吸虫病知信行调查及行为影响因素分析

目的了解江苏省居民血吸虫病防治相关知识、态度和行为现状及其影响因素,为制定有效的健康教育与健康促进模式提供科学依据。方法采用与人口规模成比例的整群抽样方法和多阶段抽样方法,对血吸虫病流行区非集体居住的16~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查,统计分析居民血吸虫病知识、态度、行为现况。结果调查对象血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为95.98%,信念态度正确率为89.06%,行为判断正确率为77.43%,知、信、行正确率逐步下降且有显著差异(χ2=1 282.96,P0.01);渔船民血吸虫病防治知识知晓率为90.98%,但行为判断正确率仅为53.81%(χ2=120.52,P0.01)。非条件Logistic回归分析,随着学历的逐步提高,行为判断正确合格率也随之上升,大专以上学历人员合格率是文盲的6.411倍(OR=6.411,95%CI:4.896~8.395)。渔船民行为判断正确合格率仅为农民的5.1%(OR=0.051,95%CI:0.029~0.091)。结论江苏省居民血防基本知识总知晓率达到了《全国预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划纲要(2004-2015年)》目标要求,但行为正确水平较低。文化程度、职业、居住区域等因素对居民血吸虫病防治健康行为形成均有不同程度影响。需要重点开展有针对性的健康促进活动,促进健康生活方式与行为的形成。

Survey of schistosomiasis KAP and influencing factors of behaviors among residents in Jiangsu Province

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis control knowledge， attitude， and practice （KAP）， and influencing factors of behaviors among residents in Jiangsu Province， so as to provide the evidence for making effective health education and health promotion models. Methods The probability proportionate to size sampling （PPS） and multi?stage sampling methods were adopted to sample the research objects. A questionnaire survey of schistosomiasis control KAP was conducted in the residents of 16 to 69 years old in schistosomiasis endemic areas of Jiangsu Province， and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The total awareness rate of the participants was 95.98% for schistosomiasis control knowledge. The correct rates of attitude and practice were 89.06% and 77.43%， respectively. The awareness/correct rates of knowledge， attitude and practice reduced in turns significantly （[χ2]=1 282.96， P < 0.01）. The knowledge awareness rate of fishermen and boatmen was 90.98%， but their attitude correct rate was only 53.81% （[χ2]=120.52， P < 0.01）. The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that with the education level increasing， their practice correct rate rose， and the participants with the college degree or above had a higher correct rate compared to illeterate ones （OR = 6.411， 95% CI: 4.896-8.395）. The practice correct rate of the fishermen and boatmen was only 5.1% of the rate of the farmers （OR = 0.051， 95% CI: 0.029-0.091）. Conclusions The total awareness rate of basic knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention and control in the residents of Jiangsu Province has reached the requirements in the "National Schistosomiasis Control Long?term Planning Outline （2004-2015）"， but the correct rate of behaviors is low. The education level， occupation and residential areas affect the health behaviors of schistosomiasis prevention and control. Therefore， it is necessary to carry out targeted health promotion activities to promote the formation of healthy lifestyle and behaviors.