孤独症谱系障碍儿童的情绪意识及欺凌预防

情绪障碍是孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder，ASD）患者的主要临床症状之一，与缺乏情绪意识、社交认知和叙情障碍有关。表现为难以识别、辨别和处理自己和他人的情感信息、做出不恰当的情绪反应行为。ASD儿童和青少年常以施害者、受害者或施害-受害者的身份参与校园欺凌，并由此带来一系列身心不利后果。欺凌预防不仅应包括针对ASD核心症状、共患病的干预，更涉及建立伙伴的同理心和社交技巧、教师责任和支持性服务、父母参与、社交融合等多个方面。

Emotional awareness and bullying prevention in children with autism spectrum disorder

Emotional disorder is one of the main clinical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD），which is related to the lack of emotional awareness，social cognition and alexithymia. It is often manifested as difficulty in recognizing，distinguishing and processing emotional information of oneself and others，resulting in making inappropriate emotional reactions. Children and adolescents with ASD often participate in school bullying as the perpetrator，victim，or victim-perpetrator，and this brings about a series of negative physical and mental effects on them. Bullying prevention should not only include interventions for core symptoms and comorbidities of ASD，but also involve building partner empathy and social skills，teacher responsibility and supportive services，parental involvement，and social integration.