2016年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2016年全国血吸虫病疫情，并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和454个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2016年底，全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中，上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省（直辖市、自治区）完成并通过了达到血吸虫病消除标准的复核，四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等7省已达到传播控制标准。全国共有451个血吸虫病流行县（市、区），总人口2.57亿人；共有29 692个流行村，总人口6 938.54万人。全国451个流行县（市、区）中，有159个（占35.25%）达到了血吸虫病消除标准，191个（占42.35%）达到传播阻断标准，101个（占22.39%）达到传播控制标准。2016年，全国推算血吸虫病病人数为54 454例，较2015年的77 194例减少了29.46%；全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例；尚存晚期血吸虫病病人30 573例。2016年，全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 500 710人，共发现粪检阳性600例，较2015年的3 606例减少了83.36%。2016年，全国共有22 140个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查，有7 106个村查出了钉螺、占调查总数的32.10%， 其中有20个村为新查出有螺村；共开展查螺813 963.91 hm2，查出有钉螺分布面积235 096.04 hm2，其中新发现钉螺面积1 346.48 hm2，未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。2016年，全国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛881 050头，共检查耕牛510 468头，粪检发现血吸虫感染阳性耕牛8头。2016年，全国共治疗血吸虫病人147 642例，扩大化疗2 303 555人次；治疗病牛9头，扩大化疗耕牛439 857头次。2016年，全国共开展药物灭螺总面积为139 483.84 hm2、其中实际药物灭螺73 941.75 hm2；开展环境改造灭螺面积为3 101.52 hm2。2016年，全国454个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛血吸虫平均感染率分别为0.02%和0.007 8%，未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示，2016年全国血吸虫病疫情较2015年进一步下降。但全国流行区钉螺分布面积仍较大，部分流行区仍存在一定数量的血吸虫病传染源，血吸虫病流行与传播的客观因素、以及疫情反复与回升的风险因素依然存在。因此，全国仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测工作力度，进一步实施精准防控，推进全国消除血吸虫病进程。

Endemic status of schistosomiasis in People's Republic of China in 2016

This report presents the endemic status of schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China at national level in 2016， and analyzes the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and 454 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites. Among the 12 provinces （municipality and autonomous region） of endemic of schistosomiasis japonica in P. R. China， 5 provinces （municipality and autonomous region）， i.e.， Shanghai， Zhejiang， Fujian， Guangdong and Guangxi， had achieved elimination， and 7 provinces of Sichuan， Yunnan， Jiangsu， Hubei， Anhui， Jiangxi and Hunan had achieved transmission control by the end of 2016. There are 451 endemic counties （cities， districts） covering 257 million people， specifically including 29 692 endemic villages of 69.39 million people at risk. Among the 451 endemic counties （cities， districts）， 35.25 % （159/451）， 42.35% （191/451） and 22.39% （101/451） reached the criteria of elimination， transmission interruption and transmission control， respectively in 2016. By the end of 2016， it was estimated of 54 454 infections of schistosome， decreased by 29.46% compared with 77 194 in 2015. No acute schistosomiasis case was reported in 2016. There were 30 573 advanced schistosomiasis cases documented in 2016. A total of 8 500 710 individuals received schistosomiasis examinations and 600 individuals were parasitologically diagnosed， decreased by 83.36% compared with 3 606 in 2015. The Oncomelania hupensis snail survey was performed in 22 140 endemic villages and O. hupensis snails were found in 7 106 villages， accounting for 32.109% of the total villages， with 20 newly detected villages with snails. The snail survey covered area of 813 963.91 hm2 and snails were found in an area of 235 096.04 hm2， including a newly detected area of 1 346.48 hm2. No schistosome?infected snails were found in 2016. A total of 881 050 bovines were raised in the schistosomiasis endemic area. Of them， 510 468 bovines received examinations， resulting in 8 schistosome?infected bovines. There were 147 642 schistosomiasis cases receiving drug treatment in 2016， with 2 303 555 individuals undergoing expanded chemotherapy； there were 9 bovines with schistosomiasis receiving drug treatment， with 439 857 bovines undergoing expanded chemotherapy； a total of 139 483.84 hm2 area with snail control by using molluscicides， with actual molluscicide?treated area of 73 941.75 hm2； and 3 101.52 hm2 snail habitants were treated by environmental modification. Based on the data from the 454 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites， the mean Schistosoma japonicum infection rate was 0.02% and 0.0078% in humans and bovines， respectively. No schistosome?infected snails were found in all the surveillance sites. The results demonstrate a decline in the endemicity of schistosomiasis in P. R. China compared with the level of 2015. However， the distribution area of snails in China is still large and the infection source of schistosomiasis still exists to some extent in some endemic areas； in some regions， the task to reach the standard of transmission interruption is still arduous. There are still objective factors of epidemic and transmission and risk factors of endemic reversal and rebound for schistosomiasis. So， further control and effective surveillance as well as accurate prevention and control should be implemented to promote the elimination process on schistosomiasis in P. R. China.