分枝杆菌感染易感基因的研究进展

人致病性分枝杆菌主要有结核分枝杆菌、麻风分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌,是严重危害人类健康的病原微生物之一,其感染与宿主遗传背景关系密切.研究表明,宿主基因在分枝杆菌感染中起重要作用.近年来通过全基因组关联分析、人群候选基因研究、基于家庭连锁分析和罕见易感个体基因分析,发现和分枝杆菌感染易感相关的基因有IL12B、IL12RB1、IFNGR1、IFNGR2、TLRs、NOD2、MRC1、IRGM、NRAMP1、VDR及LTA4H等,研究这些基因为揭示分枝杆菌感染免疫机制提供可能,同时也为麻风和结核高危人群的筛查,预防提供理论依据.

Genetic susceptibility to Mycobacterium infections

Human pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, greatly threaten human health.Mycobacterium infections are closely related to the host genetic background.Studies have indicated that host genes play important roles in Mycobacterium infections.Recently, a variety of genes have been identified to be associated with the susceptibility to Mycobacterium infections by genome-wide association studies, large-scale population-based case/control studies on candidate genes, family-based linkage studies and investigations of rare individuals with exceptional mycobacterial susceptibility, including interleukin (IL)-12B, IL-12RB1, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, TLRs, NOD2, MRC1, IRGM, NRAMP1, VDR, LTA4H, etc.Researches on these predisposing genes may contribute to the elucidation of immunologic mechanisms of Mycobacterium infections, and provide a theoretical basis for screening for populations at high risks of leprosy and tuberculosis and for prevention from Mycobacterium infections.