农村地区促进预防接种安全注射措施的研究

安全注射是指疫苗或药品用安全处理过的灭菌器材进行注射。为促进对农村地区预防接种安全注射措施的研究 ,在湖北省应城市和云梦县 ,利用快速参与式评估方法 ,将信息员分为管理者、乡村医生和被服务对象 3种 ,采用定性和定量相结合的方法 ,对农村地区预防接种安全注射现状及应采取的干预措施进行了研究。结果表明 :预防接种中 88 1%的注射是不安全的 ,其中单纯消毒不合格占 18% ,单纯未执行“一人一针一管”占 40 % ,消毒和注射操作均不正确占 42 %。采取干预措施后显示 ,要促进预防接种安全注射必须采取综合性干预措施 ,在配备器材的基础上进行有针对性的培训、加强监督和监测是非常重要的。培训时要注意纠正乡村医生的知识偏差和错误观念 ,提高他们的安全注射意识。提高群众的自我保护意识 ,加强社会监督应是促进安全注射的一项长期策略

Study on Interventions for Improving Safe EPI Injections in Rural Areas

Injections are only safe when the correct vaccine or medicine is properly administered with sterile equipments. Unsafe injection is a serious problem in many countries, including China. This study utilizes the method of Rapid Participatory Appraisal to look at the status of EPI injection and figure out some interventions to improve safe injeciton, three types of informants were identified: programme manager, service provider, and consumers. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The results showed that 88.1% of immunization injections in the two counties surveyed were unsafe which consisted of improper sterilization (18%), incorrect injection practices (40%) and a combination of the two (42%). Comprehensive interventions are required, that involve supervision, specific training and provision of equipments. Raising self-protection awareness of the masses and strengthening social supervision should be taken as a long-term strategy for improving EPI safe injection.