基于脑电的脑-机接口系统*

背景：脑-机接口是在人脑与计算机或其它电子设备之间建立的直接交流和控制通道，通过这种通道，人就可以直接通过脑来表达想法或操纵设备，而不需要语言或动作，这可以有效增强身体严重残疾的患者与外界交流或控制外部环境的能力，以提高患者的生活质量。目的：总结近年来国内外有关脑-机接口系统的研究进展及存在的问题，探讨该领域进一步发展的方向。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed数据库中1990-01/2009-12脑-机接口方面的文献，检索词“brain-computer interface, Rehabilitatian”，并限定语言为English；同时检索CNKI-KNS 1990-01/2009-12脑-机接口方面的文献，检索词为“脑-机接口，信号处理，脑电”，并限定语言为中文。结果与结论：脑-机接口系统的研究正处于发展阶段。现有的脑-机接口系统还存在通讯速度低、效果不稳定等技术障碍，特别是信号处理算法的选择与改进等方面有待进一步研究。

Electroencephalogram Based Brain-Computer Interface

Brain-computer interfaces provide a direct communication and control channel for sending messages and instructions from brain to external computers or other electronic devices. Using the non-muscular channel, subjects with severe neuromuscular dysfunction can directly express their thought and manipulate the external devices without using human language and actions. This will greatly enhance the ability of these subjects to manage external event and will improve their living quality. In the present paper, we review the research significance, the rationale, the structure and principle, the methodology, the basic types, the evaluation criteria, the applications and the major limitations of BCIs, and then discuss some vital aspects that may be conducted in the future investigations.