Intra-individual and inter-individual variation in breath alcohol pharmacokinetics: Variation over three visits |
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| Institution: | 1. Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;2. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;3. Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;4. Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;5. Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;6. Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia;7. National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;8. Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;9. Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;10. Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University and the Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University;2. Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University;3. School of Medicine, Yale University;1. Injury Center and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;2. Addiction Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;3. Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;4. Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA |
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| Abstract: | Eleven male and 7 female student subjects underwent serial Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) measurements after being given alcohol as 13% white wine (5.7 ml/kg for males and 4.7 ml/kg for females) in a fasting state on three separate occasions. BrAC versus time curves were constructed for each subject and the values of peak BrAC (Cmax), theoretical BrAC extrapolated at zero time (Co), time taken to reach peak (Tmax) and rate of elimination (ß) from breath were recorded directly from the curves. Average Intra-individual variation for each individual between the 3 visits (for males and females, respectively) was 5.6% and 8% for Co, 12% and 13% for Cmax, 42% and 37% for Tmax and 11% and 13% for ß. Inter-individual variation (for males and females) was 7.5% and 13% for Co, 16% and 15% for Cmax, 43% and 46% for Tmax and 21% and 15% for ß. Average elimination rates in males (5.3 μg/100 ml breath/h, range 4–7.7) and females (5.6 μg/100 ml breath/h, range 4–7) were not significantly different. Widmark factors calculated by various established mathematical methods were 0.71–0.81 in males and 0.59–0.68 in females, higher than the originally quoted mean experimental levels. |
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| Keywords: | Breath alcohol concentration Pharmacokinetics Elimination Variation Intra-individual Inter-individual |
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