Comparing different post-mortem human samples as DNA sources for downstream genotyping and identification |
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| Affiliation: | 1. DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;2. Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;3. Forensic Center, Commission on Human Rights, Central Office, Philippines;4. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines;5. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines;6. Department of Anthropology, College of Social Science and Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines;1. DNA Profiling Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, 169078, Singapore;2. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore;1. Laboratory of Forensic Biology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 40 (Kytösuontie 11) FI-00014, Finland;2. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA;4. Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, 502A Strong Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;2. Bode Cellmark Forensics, 10430 Furnace Road, Suite 107, Lorton, VA, 22079, United States;3. University of Tennessee, Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, 2506 E.J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States;1. Faculdades São José, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Instituto de Pesquisa e Perícias em Genética Forense (IPPGF), DGPTC/PCERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;3. Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Faculty of Tourism Studies - Turistica, University of Primorska, Portorož, Slovenia |
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| Abstract: | The capability of DNA laboratories to perform genotyping procedures from post-mortem remains, including those that had undergone putrefaction, continues to be a challenge in the Philippines, a country characterized by very humid and warm conditions all year round. These environmental conditions accelerate the decomposition of human remains that were recovered after a disaster and those that were left abandoned after a crime. When considerable tissue decomposition of human remains has taken place, there is no other option but to extract DNA from bone and/or teeth samples. Routinely, femur shafts are obtained from recovered bodies for human identification because the calcium matrix protects the DNA contained in the osteocytes. In the Philippines, there is difficulty in collecting femur samples after natural disasters or even human-made disasters, because these events are usually characterized by a large number of fatalities. Identification of casualties is further delayed by limitation in human and material resources. Hence, it is imperative to test other types of biological samples that are easier to collect, transport, process and store.We analyzed DNA that were obtained from body fluid, bone marrow, muscle tissue, clavicle, femur, metatarsal, patella, rib and vertebral samples from five recently deceased untreated male cadavers and seven male human remains that were embalmed, buried for ∼1 month and then exhumed. The bodies had undergone different environmental conditions and were in various stages of putrefaction. A DNA extraction method utilizing a detergent-washing step followed by an organic procedure was used. The utility of bone marrow and vitreous fluid including bone marrow and vitreous fluid that was transferred on FTA® cards and subjected to autosomal STR and Y-STR DNA typing were also evaluated. DNA yield was measured and the presence or absence of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracts was assessed using Plexor®HY. All samples were amplified using PowerPlex®21 and PowerPlexY®23 systems and analyzed using the AB3500 Genetic Analyzer and the GeneMapper® ID-X v.1.2 software.PCR inhibitors were consistently detected in bone marrow, muscle tissue, rib and vertebra samples. Amplifiable DNA was obtained in a majority of the samples analyzed. DNA recovery from 0.1 g biological material was adequate for successful genotyping of most of the non-bone and bone samples. Complete DNA profiles were generated from bone marrow, femur, metatarsal and patella with 0.1 ng DNA template. Using 0.5 ng DNA template resulted in increased allele recovery and improved intra- and inter-locus peak balance. |
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| Keywords: | DNA Human identification Mass disasters STR typing Putrefied remains |
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