Motivational approach and avoidance in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison between real photographs and cartoons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT) UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université – CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France;3. Service de Pédopsychiatrie, APHM, Hôpital Salvator, 249 Bd Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, France;4. Mid Sweden University, Department of Psychology, Östersund 83125, Sweden;1. Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom;3. Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany;4. Department of Psychology, University of Florida, United States;5. Center for the Study of Emotion & Attention, University of Florida, United States;6. Center for Affective Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, United States;1. Center for Autism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;2. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;3. Stanford University, Stanford, CA;4. Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic;5. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;1. Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. Department of Economics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TN, UK;1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance Publiques-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France;2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;3. Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA;4. Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, Italy;5. Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques (ISIR), CNRS UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;1. Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, 2001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA;2. University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA |
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| Abstract: | Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a lack of motivation to engage in spontaneous social encounters with other human beings. However, the basis for these diminished approach-related social behaviours is still unclear. This study investigated social motivation in ASD using an approach-avoidance task. In particular, we presented a group of ASD and a group of neurotypical adolescents with a series of emotionally positive, negative, and neutral visual stimuli, comprised of real photographs and cartoons – a stimulus with incentive salience for individuals with ASD. Participants were asked to either push or pull a joystick in response to an emotionally independent feature of the stimuli (colour frame). Following the main task, participants also rated the stimuli for affective valence and arousal. Results showed a dissociation in motivational responses towards positive stimuli for the ASD group only: faster avoidance from positive real photographs, but greater approach to positive cartoons, while no differences were found between emotionally negative or neutral stimuli. By contrast, no differences between the groups were found for the self-reported affective ratings. In light of the social motivation hypothesis, these atypical motivational responses suggest a deficit in assigning reward to socio-emotional stimuli in adolescents with ASD. |
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| Keywords: | Autism spectrum disorder Approach Avoidance Social motivation Emotion Cartoons |
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