Synergic effect of GSTP1 and blood manganese concentrations in Autism Spectrum Disorder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;3. Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;4. Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica;5. Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;7. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica;8. Caribbean Genetics (CARIGEN), The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica;1. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain;3. Adapta Consultores, Oblatas 51, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia;2. Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia;3. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia;4. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, China;3. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan;1. Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;5. Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;6. Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;7. Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;2. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain;3. Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain;4. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain;5. Department of Clinical, Experimental and Social Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain;6. Natural Resources, Health, and Environment Research Centre (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain;7. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;8. Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain;9. Professor José Carlos Vílchez Martín, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain;10. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;11. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;12. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, USA;13. Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain |
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| Abstract: | We used data from 100 age- and sex-matched case-control pairs (age 2–8 years) from Jamaica to investigate whether there is an interaction between glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and blood manganese concentrations (BMC) in relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our findings, indicate that among children who had the Ile/Ile genotype for GST pi 1 (GSTP1), those with BMC ≥ 12 μg/L had about 4 times higher odds of ASD than those with BMC < 12 μg/L, (P = 0.03) under a co-dominant genetic model. After adjusting for potential confounders, among the subgroup of children with genotype Ile/Ile, those with BMC ≥ 12 μg/L had about six times higher odds of ASD than those with BMC < 12 μg/L, (P = 0.04). The results were similar when a recessive genetic model was used. These findings suggest a possible synergic effect of BMC and GSTP1 in ASD. Since our analysis included a variety of genetic models and was not adjusted for multiple testing, replication in other populations is warranted. |
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| Keywords: | Manganese Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Oxidative stress Interactions Jamaica |
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