ISFG: Recommendations on biostatistics in paternity testing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA;2. 6801 Thornhill Drive, Oakland, CA 94611-1336, USA;3. Institute of Medical Biometry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany;4. Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;5. Institut Genetique Nantes Atlantique, 19 rue Leon Durocher, BP 70425, F-44204 Nantes Cedex 2, France;6. Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, Servicio de Biología, Ministerio de Justicia. Merced 1, E-08002 Barcelona, Spain;7. Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;8. University Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;9. Istituto di medicina legale, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito, I-100168 Roma, Italy;10. Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Department of Forensic Biology, 520 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA;11. Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, D-50823 Köln, Germany;12. Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 11 Frederik V''s Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;1. Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;2. Department of Chemistry Malaysia Kuching, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia;3. Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Forensic Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;1. Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China;2. Beijing Tongda Shoucheng Institute of Forensic Science, 23 Yongtai Middle Road, Beijing 100192, People’s Republic of China;3. Department of Radiation Toxicology & Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China;1. Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden;2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;3. Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. Department of Family Genetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4040 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway;2. Department for Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway;3. Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Artillerigatan 12, SE-587 58 Linköping, Sweden;4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | The Paternity Testing Commission (PTC) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics has taken up the task of establishing the biostatistical recommendations in accordance with the ISO 17025 standards and a previous set of ISFG recommendations specific to the genetic investigations in paternity cases. In the initial set, the PTC recommended that biostatistical evaluations of paternity are based on a likelihood ratio principle – yielding the paternity index, PI. Here, we have made five supplementary biostatistical recommendations. The first recommendation clarifies and defines basic concepts of genetic hypotheses and calculation concerns needed to produce valid PIs. The second and third recommendations address issues associated with population genetics (allele probabilities, Y-chromosome markers, mtDNA, and population substructuring) and special circumstances (deficiency/reconstruction and immigration cases), respectively. The fourth recommendation considers strategies regarding genetic evidence against paternity. The fifth recommendation covers necessary documentation, reporting details and assumptions underlying calculations. The PTC strongly suggests that these recommendations should be adopted by all laboratories involved in paternity testing as the basis for their biostatistical analysis. |
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