浅谈《难经》对《黄帝内经》脉法的继承与发展

《难经》脉法继承了《黄帝内经》中诸多的脉学理论,如寸口理论、五脏虚损的顺序、三阴三阳之王脉、脉之阴阳、色脉相应、四季之脉象等。《难经》还在《黄帝内经》的基础上,对脉法进行了创新。在诊脉部位上,首创"独取寸口"的诊脉方法,将各脏腑病变分候于寸口部位;在脉象浮沉、迟数与脏腑的关系上,认为数脉为腑病,迟脉为脏病;在脉象变化与阴阳的关系上,强调在诊脉时,要注重阴阳脉象的变化,进一步判断疾病的转归;在脉象变化与五行的关系上,认为某一部位脉象的变化不仅能判断其所主脏腑的病变,亦可结合五行相生、相克原理推测相关脏腑的病变;在尺脉变化与元气的关系上,认为元气的盛衰主要与尺脉变化息息相关,其脉象的强弱可提示元气的盛衰。

On the Inheritance and Development of the Pulse Method of Huangdi Neijing by Nan Jing

The pulse method of Nan Jing inherits many pulse theories in Huangdi Neijing,such as the theory of cunkou,the order of five zang viscera deficiency,the king pulse of three yin and three yang,the yin and yang of pulse,complexion corresponding to pulse,the pulse of four seasons,etc.On the basis of Huangdi Neijing,Nan Jing innovates the pulse method.In the area of pulse di-agnosis,Nan Jing pioneers the method of"exclusive examination of cunkou",which divides the diseases of zang-fu viscera into cunkou area;in the relationship between the floating,sinking,slow and fast of pulse and zang-fu viscera,it is considered that fast pulse is fu visceral disease,and slow pulse is zang visceral disease;in the relationship between pulse changes and yin and yang,we should pay attention to the changes of yin and yang pulse during pulse diagnosis to further judge the outcome of the disease;on the relationship between pulse changes and five elements,it is considered that the changes of pulse in a certain part can not only judge the pathological changes of the main zang-fu viscera,but also infer the pathological changes of the related zang-fu viscera according to the principle of five elements'mutual generation and mutual restriction;as for the relationship between the change of the chi pulse and the vitality,it is believed that the rise and fall of the vitality is closely related to the change of the chi pulse.The strength of the pulse can indicate the rise and fall of the vitality.