Compositional mapping of chicken chromosomes and identification of the gene-richest regions |
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Authors: | Letizia Andreozzi Concetta Federico Salvatore Motta Salvatore Saccone Anna L Sazanova Alexey A Sazanov Aleksandr F Smirnov Svetlana A Galkina Natalya A Lukina Alexander V Rodionov Nicolas Carels and Giorgio Bernardi |
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Institution: | (1) Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy;(2) Dipartimento di Protezione e Valorizzazione Agroalimentare, Sez. Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, via F.lli Rosselli, 107, Reggio Emilia, Italy;(3) Laboratory of Molecular Genome Organization, All-Russian Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, 189620 St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia;(4) Laboratory of Chromosome Structure and Function, Biological Research Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Stary Peterhof, St.Petersburg, 198904, Russia;(5) Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institute J. Monod, Paris, France;(6) Laboratorio di Evoluzione Molecolare, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy |
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Abstract: | Compositional chromosomal mapping , namely the assessment of the GC level of chromosomal bands, led to the identification, in the human chromosomes, of the GC-richest H3+ bands and of the GC-poorest L1+ bands, which were so called on the basis of the isochore family predominantly present in the bands. The isochore organization of the avian genome is very similar to those of most mammals, the only difference being the presence of an additional, GC-richest, H4 isochore family. In contrast, the avian karyotypes are very different from those of mammals, being characterized, in most species, by few macrochromosomes and by a large number of microchromosomes. The compositional mapping of chicken mitotic and meiotic chromosomes by in-situ hybridization of isochore families showed that the chicken GC-richest isochores are localized not only on a large number of microchromosomes but also on almost all telomeric bands of macrochromosomes. On the other hand, the GC-poorest isochores are generally localized on the internal regions of macrochromosomes and are almost absent in microchromosomes. Thus, the distinct localization of the GC-richest and the GC-poorest bands observed on human chromosomes appears to be a general feature of chromosomes from warm-blooded vertebrates. |
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Keywords: | birds in-situ hybridization isochores lampbrush meiotic chromosomes vertebrates |
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