Renal angiotensin II type-2 receptors are upregulated and mediate the candesartan-induced natriuresis/diuresis in obese Zucker rats

Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying the role of angiotensin II type-2 (AT(2)) receptor in renal/cardiovascular function in pathological conditions. The present study was designed to determine the functional role of the AT(2) receptors on natriuresis/diuresis and compare the level of the tubular AT(2) receptor expression in obese and lean Zucker rats (12 weeks old). Under anesthesia, candesartan (angiotensin II type 1 AT(1)]-specific antagonist; 100 microg/kg bolus) produced natriuresis/diuresis to a greater degree in obese than in lean rats. The specific AT(2) antagonist PD123319 (50 microg/kg per minute) after candesartan administration abolished the natriuretic/diuretic effects of candesartan in obese rats but not in lean rats. Infusion of AT(2) receptor agonist, CGP-42112A (1 microg/kg per minute), produced greater increase in sodium and urine excretion over basal in obese than in lean rats. The presence of the AT(2) receptor expression in the brush-border and basolateral membranes was confirmed by Western blotting using specific antibody and antigen-blocking peptide. Densitometric analysis of the bands revealed approximately 1.5- to 2.0-fold increase in the AT(2) receptor proteins in both membranes of obese compared with lean rats. Our results suggest upregulation of the AT(2) receptors, which play a role in mediating the natriuretic/diuretic effects of AT(1) receptor blockers in obese Zucker rats. We speculate that AT(2) receptors, by promoting sodium excretion, may protect obese Zucker rats against blood pressure increase associated with sodium and water retention.