PHENOBARBITAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF INTRACRANIAL DAMAGE IN CHINESE NEONATES WITH SEVERE ASPHYXIA

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PHENOBARBITAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF INTRACRANIAL DAMAGE IN CHINESE NEONATES WITH SEVERE ASPHYXIA

Objective To evaluate the effect of phenobarbital on preventing intracranial damage and seizure in Chinese neonates with severe asphyxia. Methods A control trial was carried out in 60 Chinese neonates with severe asphyxia. 30 neonates received loading dose of phenobarbital on an average of 5.6h of age. Results The mean value of phenobarbital serum level obtained at the 4th day after birth was 21.9μg/ml. No significant difference was observed in the two groups in terms of birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, sex, etc. The imaging diagnosis within 3d of age in all subjects showed normal brain in 14, brain edema in 9 and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 7 in the treated group with a 53.3% of total complication rate, and normal brain in 5, brain edema in 15, IVH in 9 and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 1 in the untreated group with a 83.3% of total complication rate. The incidence of intracranial damage in the untreated group was significantly higher than that in the treated group (83.3% vs 53.3%, P＜0.05). In the treated group, 4 neonates with seizure symptom were effectively controlled soon, and none of the other 26 developed seizure. The period of seizure in the treated group was significantly shorter than that in the untreated group (P＜0. 05). Other clinical symptoms were also sooner improved and no side effects were observed among the neonates treated with phenobarbital. Conclusion The incidence of postasphyxiated intracranial damage was obviously decreased, and seizure could be prophylactically intervened by phenobarbital. It is recommended that early application of preventive phenobarbitalin severely asphyxiated neonates is reasonable in reducing the incidence of intracranial lesions and subsequent seizures.