Maternal weight change before pregnancy in relation to birthweight and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes |
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Authors: | Ibrahima Diouf Marie Aline Charles Olivier Thiebaugeorges Anne Forhan Monique Kaminski Barbara Heude The EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group |
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Institution: | 1.INSERM, Unit 1018,Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team 10 “Epidemiology of Obesity, Diabetes and Renal Disease Over the Life Course”,Villejuif cedex,France;2.Faculty of Medicine,University of Paris-Sud,Kremlin-Bicêtre,France;3.Maternity of Nancy University Hospital,Nancy,France;4.INSERM, UMRS 953,Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women’s and Children’s Health,Villejuif,France;5.UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 953,Paris,France |
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Abstract: | Maternal weight change before pregnancy can be considered as an indicator of maternal energy balance and nutritional status
before conception, and may be involved in early life programming. We aimed to investigate the association of maternal Weight
Change Before Pregnancy (WCBP) with fetal growth and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Data are from the French EDEN mother–child
cohort where 1,756 mother–child pairs had information on mother’s weight at 20 years, weight just before pregnancy, fetal
anthropometry at second and third trimesters, infant’s birthweight and pregnancy complications. The average annual WCBP between
20 years and start of pregnancy (in kg/year) was categorized as: “Weight Loss” (n = 320), “Moderate weight gain” (n = 721) and “High weight gain” (n = 715). The associations of WCBP with fetal and newborn characteristics and with adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed,
adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, including the mother’s prepregnancy BMI. Interactions between WCBP and
prepregnancy BMI were tested. Birthweight and estimated fetal weight in the third trimester increased significantly with increasing
WCBP in mothers with BMI <25 kg/m2. In these mothers, weight loss before pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of newborns small for gestational age (SGA).
Whatever the prepregnancy BMI, WCBP was positively associated with a maternal risk of gestational diabetes and hypertension.
The ponderal history of mothers before pregnancy can impact on fetal growth and on pregnancy outcomes such as gestational
diabetes or hypertension. Our analysis is the first to report that in non-overweight women, those who lost weight before pregnancy
are at higher risk of having SGA newborns. |
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