Atlas of the muscle motor points for the lower limb: implications for electrical stimulation procedures and electrode positioning |
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Authors: | Botter Alberto Oprandi Gianmosè Lanfranco Fabio Allasia Stefano Maffiuletti Nicola A Minetto Marco Alessandro |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory for Engineering of the Neuromuscular System (LISiN), Department of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy;(2) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy;(3) Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland; |
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Abstract: | The aim of the study was to investigate the uniformity of the muscle motor point location for lower limb muscles in healthy
subjects. Fifty-three subjects of both genders (age range: 18–50 years) were recruited. The muscle motor points were identified
for the following ten muscles of the lower limb (dominant side): vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis of
the quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus of the hamstring muscles, tibialis anterior, peroneus
longus, lateral and medial gastrocnemius. The muscle motor point was identified by scanning the skin surface with a stimulation
pen electrode and corresponded to the location of the skin area above the muscle in which an electrical pulse evoked a muscle
twitch with the least injected current. For each investigated muscle, 0.15 ms square pulses were delivered through the pen
electrode at low current amplitude (<10 mA) and frequency (2 Hz). 16 motor points were identified in the 10 investigated muscles
of almost all subjects: 3 motor points for the vastus lateralis, 2 motor points for rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps
femoris, and tibialis anterior, 1 motor point for the remaining muscles. An important inter-individual variability was observed
for the position of the following 4 out of 16 motor points: vastus lateralis (proximal), biceps femoris (short head), semimembranosus,
and medial gastrocnemius. Possible implications for electrical stimulation procedures and electrode positioning different
from those commonly applied for thigh and leg muscles are discussed. |
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