Current opinions on pathogenesis and treatment of otitis media with effusion in children

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most often diagnosed diseases in the pre-school children. OME is defined as the presence of effusion behind the intact tympanic memebrane without symptoms of acute infection. Pathogenesis of OME is multifactorial and represents the interactions between environmental, social, anatomical and infectious factors and an allergy. Due to the hearing impairment accompanying this disease, effective prevention and treatment are necessary. This publication presents current knowledge concerning etiopathogenesis of OME taking into consideration the role of Eustachian tube, infectious factor, allergy, immunological factors, NO and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Recommended methods of treatment depending on the clinical condition and the age of children are also presented. The initiation of appropriate therapy is crucial because of the possibility of remote complications.