医院感染的危险因素分析及护理干预

目的 探讨医院感染特点及护理干预措施。方法 采用回顾性调查的方法，对本院2006年9月至2007年8月15859例出院患者中的医院感染病例进行分析。结果 15859例住院患者中发生医院感染646例，感染率为4．07％。血液科、重症监护室和肿瘤科患者是医院感染的高危人群；3个科室出院人次仅为全院的6．82％（1081／15859），感染人次占全院的32．66％（211／646），感染例次占全院35．10％（244／695）。常见感染部位依次是呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿道等。感染原因与创伤性操作增加、机体抵抗力降低和不合理使用抗生素有关，另外医护人员缺乏交叉感染意识也是发生感染的因素之一。结论 为控制医院感染发生率，应加强对相关科室的关注，对重点科室患者呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿道的护理干预，限制抗生素的使用和创伤性操作十分重要。

Analysis of risk factors for nosocomial infection and nursing intervention

Objective To study the features and nursing intervention of nosocomial infection. Methods The clinical data of 15 859 inpatients from Sep 2006 to Aug 2007 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed for nosocomial infection status. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 4.07%（646/15 859）. The patients in the departments of hematology, ICU and tumor were high--risk group, which constituent ratio was 6.82%（1 081/15 859） while its infection rate was 32.66%（211/646） and the infection cases accounted for 35.1%（244/695）. The most infection place in order were respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract; the infection might be due to accrescence of invasive procedure, depression of body resistance power, irrational use of antibiotics, as well as the staff＇s absence of cross infection consciousness. Conclusion In order to control the incidence of nosocomial infection, it is vital to manage related departments, enhance nursing intervention, and limit the use of antibiotics and invasive procedure.