Viral gastroenteritis in rotavirus negative hospitalized children <5 years of age from the independent states of the former Soviet Union |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;2. Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus;3. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology of National Academy for Post-graduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine;4. National Center for Public Health, Chi?in?u, Republic of Moldova;5. Azerbaijan Republican Anti-plague Station, Baku, Azerbaijan;6. National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia;7. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia;8. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Vaccine-preventable Diseases & Immunization, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;2. Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;3. Laboratorio Nacional de Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala;4. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA;1. National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;3. South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa;4. Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;6. MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;7. Department of Paediatrics, Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni, South Africa;8. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;9. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;10. Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa;1. Cellule de l’institut de veille sanitaire en région océan Indien, 2 bis, avenue Georges-Brassens, CS61002, 97743 Saint-Denis cedex 9, Île de la Réunion;2. Laboratoire de virologie, CHU site Nord, 97405 Saint-Denis, Île de la Réunion;3. Observatoire régional de la santé de la Réunion (ORS), 12, rue Colbert, 97400 Saint-Denis, Île de la Réunion;4. Agence de santé de l’océan Indien, bis, avenue Georges-Brassens, CS61002, 97743 Saint-Denis cedex 9, Île de la Réunion;5. Caisse générale de sécurité sociale de la Réunion, 4, boulevard Doret, 97704 Saint-Denis cedex 9, Île de la Réunion;1. Department of Laboratory Services, Division of Medical Services, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden;2. Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni Saint Camille CERBA/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;3. Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden;1. Laboratory of Virology, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | PurposeRotavirus causes nearly 40% of all hospitalizations for AGE among children <5 years of age in the NIS of the former Soviet Union. The etiologic role of other established gastroenteritis viruses in this age group is unknown.MethodsLaboratory-confirmed rotavirus negative fecal specimens (N = 495) collected between January and December 2009 from children in 6 NIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) were tested for norovirus, sapovirus, enteric adenovirus and astrovirus by real-time RT-PCR. Genotyping was carried out by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsNorovirus, enteric adenovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus were detected in 21.8%, 4.0%, 3.2%, and 1.4% of the rotavirus negative specimens, respectively. Mixed infections were identified in 4.1% of the specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed co-circulation of several different genotypes with GII.4 Den Haag (2006b) norovirus, GI.2 sapovirus, adenovirus type 41, and astrovirus type 1 causing majority of the infections.ConclusionNorovirus, enteric adenovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus account for a significant proportion (30.5%) of AGE in hospitalized children <5 years of age in 6 NIS. |
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| Keywords: | Gastroenteritis Norovirus Rotavirus Adenovirus Astrovirus Sapovirus |
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