A rare G1P[6] super-short human rotavirus strain carrying an H2 genotype on the genetic background of a porcine rotavirus |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;2. Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;4. Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal;5. Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;1. Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia;2. Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan;3. Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan;1. Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran;1. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India;3. National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur -482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India;4. Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar 125 001, Haryana, India;5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts, West Indies;6. Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary;7. Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Rotavirus strains with a rearranged 11th genome segment may show super-short RNA electropherotypes. Examples from human strains were limited to seven strains, 69M, 57M, B37, Mc345, AU19, B4106 and BE2001, which have a variety of G and P genotypes. AU19 is a rare G1P6] human rotavirus strain detected in a Japanese infant with severe acute gastroenteritis. This study was undertaken to better understand the origin of AU19 by determining the genotype constellation of AU19. Upon nearly-full genome sequencing, AU19 had a G1-P6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H2 genotype constellation. Possession of I5 and A8 genotypes is indicative of its porcine rotavirus origin, whereas possession of H2 genotype is indicative of its DS-1 like human rotavirus origin. At the phylogenetic lineage level for the genome segments that share the genotype between porcine and human rotaviruses, the VP1-4, VP7, NSP3-4 genes were most closely related to those of porcine rotaviruses, but the origin of the NSP2 gene was inconclusive. As to the NSP5 gene, the lineage containing AU19 and the other three super-short human strains, 69M, 57M and B37, carrying the H2 genotype (H2b) clustered with the lineage to which DS-1- like short strains belonged (H2a) albeit with an insignificant bootstrap support. Taken all these observations together, AU19 was likely to emerge as a consequence of interspecies transmission of a porcine rotavirus to a child coupled with the acquisition of a rare H2b genotype by genetic reassortment probably from a co-circulating human strain. The addition of the AU19 NSP5 sequence to much homogeneous H2b genotypes shared by previous super-short rotavirus strains made the genetic diversity of H2b genotypes as diverse as that of the H2a genotype, lending support to the hypothesis that super-short strains carrying H2b genotype have long been circulating unnoticed in the human population. |
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| Keywords: | Rotavirus Super-short electropherotype Interspecies transmission Phylogeny Molecular epidemiology |
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