Phylogeny of Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in Al Hudayda governorate,Yemen |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;2. University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Italy;3. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology Section, ‘L. Sacco’ Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;4. Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt;5. Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome, Italy;6. University of Sana’a, Republic of Yemen;7. Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy;1. Travel Medicine Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;5. Children''s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Department of Research and Sponsored Programs, Minneapolis, MN, USA;6. Travel and Tropical Medicine Clinic, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA;7. Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;8. Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;9. Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;10. Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;1. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Army Medical Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy;3. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy;1. Fortis Hospitals, Bangalore, India;2. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India;4. Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Mumbai, India;1. WHO/WPRO Japanese Encephalitis Regional Refernce Laboratory, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Chungbuk 363-951, Korea;2. Division of Arboviruses, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Chungbuk 363-951, Korea;3. Department of Pediatrics, Inha University Medical School, Incheon, Korea;4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea |
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| Abstract: | Yemen, which is located in the southwestern end of the Arabian Peninsula, is one of countries most affected by recurrent epidemics caused by emerging vector-borne viruses. Dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency in several governorates since the year 2000, and the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been also responsible of large outbreaks and it is now a major public health problem in Yemen. We report the results of the phylogenetic analysis of DENV-2 and CHIKV isolates (NS1 and E1 genes, respectively) detected in an outbreak occurred in Al-Hudayda in 2012. Estimates of the introduction date of CHIKV and DENV-2, and the phylogeographic analysis of DENV-2 are also presented. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Yemen isolates of DENV belonged to the lineage 2 Cosmopolitan subtype, whereas CHIKV isolates from Yemen belonged to the ECSA genotype. All the CHIKV isolates from Yemen were statistically supported and dated back to the year 2010 (95% HPD: 2009–2011); these sequences showed an alanine in the aminoacid position 226 of the E1 protein. Phylogeographic analysis of DENV-2 virus showed that cluster 1, which included Yemen isolates, dated back to 2003 Burkina Faso strains (95% HPD 1999–2007). The Yemen, cluster dated back to 2011 (95% HPD 2009–2012). Our study sheds light on the global spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV-2 and CHIKV in Yemen. This study reinforces both the need to monitor the spread of CHIKV and DENV, and to apply significant measures for vector control. |
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| Keywords: | DENV CHIKV Phylogeny |
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