不同年代首次住院精神分裂症患者行为问题分析

目的 了解不同年代精神分裂症患者行为问题的变化以及行为问题与预后的关系.方法抽取1988年2月1日-5月31日首次住院的精神分裂症患者设为A组,共159例;1998年同期住院患者设为B组,共159例;2008年同期住院患者设为C组,共167例.统计入组患者的一般资料、行为问题、临床疗效等,并进行对比分析.结果 三组患者首次住院年龄差异无显著性(P>0.05),首次住院病程、受教育年限、住院时间差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01);C组受教育年限、病程均显著高于A组(P<0.05),B、C组住院时间显著低于A组(P<0.01).三组患者消极言语、消极行为、冲动行为发生率差异均无显著性(P>0.05),出走行为和进食行为差异有极显著性(X2=12.14、19.53,P<0.01).三组患者临床疗效差异有极显著性(X2=74.64,P<0.01),其中A、B组痊愈率显著高于C组,总有效率则显著低于C组(P<0.05或0.01).三组伴与不伴消极行为患者治疗效果差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论 不同年代首发精神分裂症患者仍然存在诸多相同的行为问题,且伴与小伴消极行为与患者预后无明显相关性;临床医师仍然要重视患者的行为问题,加强各种形式的健康教育,全面提高人们对该疾病的认识能力,有利于促进患者的康复.

Behavior problems of first-hospitalization schizophrenics in different years

Objective To keep abreast of the changes of behavior problems and the relation between behav ior problems and prognosis in schizophrenia in different years. Methods 159 schizophrenics first hospitalized from February 1 to May 30 ,1988 were assigned to group A, 159 ones in the corresponding period in 1998 to group B and 167 ones in 2008 to group C. General information, behavior problems and clinical efficacy were added up and contrastively analyzed. Results There were no differences in first-hospitalization age among three groups（P〉0.05）, were significant differences in first-hospitalization course of disease, education time-limit and length of stay（P〈0.05 or 0.01） ; both education time-limit and course of disease were significantly longer in group C than in A（P〈0.05）, length of stay was significantly shorter in group B and C than in A（P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in the incidences of negative words, negative behavior and impulsive behavior among 3 groups（P〉0.05）, were significant differences in run-a- way and eating behavior（x^2= 12.14,19.53, P〈0.01）. There were significant differences in clinical efficacy among 3 groups（x^2 =74.64,P〈0.01）,cure rates were significantly higher and total effective rates lower in group A and B than in group C（P〈0.05 or 0.01）. There were no significant differences in efficacy between patients with and without negative behavior of all 3 groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion First-episode schizophrenics in different years still have many same behavioral problems and their prognoses aren＇t obviously correlated to negative behaviors;clinicians should still think highly of patients＇ behavioral problems, enhance various kinds of health education and increase persons＇ perceptual ability to the disease fully in order to promote patients~ rehabilitation.